ArticleJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2011
Local delivery of GM-CSF protects mice from lethal pneumococcal pneumonia.
Article in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02601365 (A Phase I Study of Inhaled GM-CSF in the Treatment of Respiratory Virus-associated Severe Pneumonia), which is not on this map. Cited by 45 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Phase I Study of Inhaled GM-CSF in the Treatment of Respiratory Virus-associated Severe Pneumonia
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 80 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Targeted labeling and depletion of alveolar macrophages using VeDTR mouse technology.iScience · 2025Article
- The deadly dance of alveolar macrophages and influenza virus.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2024Review
- Alveolar macrophages in tissue homeostasis, inflammation, and infection: evolving concepts of therapeutic targeting.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2023Review
- S100A9 is indispensable for survival of pneumococcal pneumonia in mice.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- Treatment with Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Reduces Viral Titers in the Brains of West Nile Virus-Infected Mice and Improves Survival.Journal of virology · 2023Article
- Role of GM-CSF in lung balance and disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Lethal synergy between SARS-CoV-2 and Streptococcus pneumoniae in hACE2 mice and protective efficacy of vaccination.JCI insight · 2022Article
- Metal-HisTag coordination for remote loading of very small quantities of biomacromolecules into PLGA microspheres.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2022Article
- Stimulation of a subset of natural killer T cells by CD103Cell reports · 2022Article
- Contribution of Puma to Inflammatory Resolution During Early Pneumococcal Pneumonia.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- Immune Memory After Respiratory Infection WithFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- CD69 mediates the protective role of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells against Pseudomonas aeruginosa pulmonary infection.Clinical and translational medicine · 2021Article
- Granulocyte Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor Reverses HIV Protein-Induced Mitochondrial Derangements in Alveolar Macrophages.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2021Article
- Article
- Krueppel-Like Factor 4 Expression in Phagocytes Regulates Early Inflammatory Response and Disease Severity in Pneumococcal Pneumonia.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- The protective effects of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor against radiation-induced lung injury.Translational lung cancer research · 2020Article
- Therapeutic blockade of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor in COVID-19-associated hyperinflammation: challenges and opportunities.The Lancet. Respiratory medicine · 2020Review
- GM-CSF-based treatments in COVID-19: reconciling opposing therapeutic approaches.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2020Review
- Recruiting the innate immune system with GM-CSF to fight viral diseases, including West Nile Virus encephalitis and COVID-19.F1000Research · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The growth factor GM-CSF has an important role in pulmonary surfactant metabolism and the regulation of antibacterial activities of lung sentinel cells. However, the potential of intra-alveolar GM-CSF to augment lung protective immunity against inhaled bacterial pathogens has not been defined in preclinical infection models. We hypothesized that transient overexpression of GM-CSF in the lungs of mice by adenoviral gene transfer (Ad-GM-CSF) would protect mice from subsequent lethal pneumococcal pneumonia. Our data show that intra-alveolar delivery of Ad-GM-CSF led to sustained increased pSTAT5 expression and PU.1 protein expression in alveolar macrophages during a 28-d observation period. Pulmonary Ad-GM-CSF delivery 2-4 wk prior to infection of mice with Streptococcus pneumoniae significantly reduced mortality rates relative to control vector-treated mice. This increased survival was accompanied by increased inducible NO synthase expression, antibacterial activity, and a significant reduction in caspase-3-dependent apoptosis and secondary necrosis of lung sentinel cells. Importantly, therapeutic treatment of mice with rGM-CSF improved lung protective immunity and accelerated bacterial clearance after pneumococcal challenge. We conclude that prophylactic delivery of GM-CSF triggers long-lasting immunostimulatory effects in the lung in vivo and rescues mice from lethal pneumococcal pneumonia by improving antibacterial immunity. These data support use of novel antibiotic-independent immunostimulatory therapies to protect patients against bacterial pneumonias.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.