ReviewCancer metastasis reviews2011
Prostaglandin E2 EP receptors as therapeutic targets in breast cancer.
Review in Cancer metastasis reviews, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 84 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
84 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 147 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ratio of n-3/n-6 PUFAs and risk of breast cancer: a meta-analysis of 274135 adult females from 11 independent prospective studies.BMC cancer · 2014Pooled it
- Prophylactic and therapeutic effects of aspirin in cancer.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Review
- Decoding GPCR signaling reprogramming in cancer: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Review
- Aspirin alters molecular crosstalk between prostaglandin, apoptosis, and invasion pathways in colorectal cancer.BMC cancer · 2026Article
- Natural products as therapeutic interventions for inflammation-mediated cancer.Discover oncology · 2025Review
- Unveiling the potential targets and mechanisms of DEHP/BPA exposure on PCOS: insights from network toxicology and molecular docking.Journal of ovarian research · 2025Article
- Analgesic Efficacy of Acetaminophen/Ibuprofen as an Adjuvant in Patient-Controlled Analgesia for Postoperative Pain After Oncoplastic Breast Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- EMT induction in normal breast epithelial cells by COX2-expressing fibroblasts.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Article
- Acquired resistance to jadomycin B in human triple-negative breast cancer cells is associated with increased cyclooxygenase-2 expression.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2025Article
- Tumor Regulatory Effect of 15-Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenase (HPGD) in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Crosstalk between P2Y receptors and cyclooxygenase activity in inflammation and tissue repair.Purinergic signalling · 2024Review
- Effects of surgical trauma and intraoperative blood loss on tumour progression.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Review
- Relevance of Phytochemical Taste for Anti-Cancer Activity: A Statistical Inquiry.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Complementary roles of EP2 and EP4 receptors in malignant glioma.British journal of pharmacology · 2023Article
- Prostaglandin EFASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2023Article
- Article
- Crohn's disease and breast cancer: a literature review of the mechanisms and treatment.Internal and emergency medicine · 2023Review
- Bioactive lipid regulation of platelet function, hemostasis, and thrombosis.Pharmacology & therapeutics · 2023Review
- Review
- Trinity of inflammation, innate immune cells and cross-talk of signalling pathways in tumour microenvironment.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
24 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Prostaglandins are lipid compounds that mediate many physiological effects. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE(2)) is the most abundant prostanoid in the human body, and synthesis of PGE(2) is driven by cyclooxygenase enzymes including COX-2. Both elevated expression of COX-2 and increased PGE(2) levels have been associated with many cancers including breast cancer. PGE(2) exerts its effect by binding to the E series of prostaglandin receptors (EP) which are G protein-coupled receptors. Four EP receptor subtypes exist, EP1-4, and each is coupled to different intracellular signaling pathways. As downstream effectors of the COX-2 pathway, EP receptors have been shown to play a role in breast and other malignancies and in cancer metastasis. The role of each EP receptor in malignant behavior is complex and involves the interplay of EP receptor signaling on the tumor cell, on stromal cells, and on host immune effector cells. While preclinical and epidemiological data support the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and selective COX-2 inhibitors (COXibs) for the prevention and treatment of malignancy, toxicities due to COXibs as well as less than promising results from clinical trials have laboratories seeking alternative targets. As knowledge concerning the role of EP receptors in cancer grows, so does the potential for exploiting EP receptors as therapeutic targets for the treatment or prevention of cancer and cancer metastasis.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.