ReviewExperimental neurology2012
Toll-like receptors in chronic pain.
Review in Experimental neurology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05685225 (Safety and Efficacy of Naltrexone/Acetaminophen for the Acute Treatment of Migraine), which is not on this map. Cited by 133 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Safety and Efficacy of Naltrexone/Acetaminophen for the Acute Treatment of Migraine: A Single-Site, Phase 2 Randomized Trial
Who cites it
133 citing papers in PubMed, 244 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Trial
- Plasma Lipoproteins as Key Regulators in Neuropathic Pain: A Comprehensive Review of Mechanisms and Clinical Potential.Pain and therapy · 2026Review
- Review
- The Gut-Reproduction-Oral-Immune Axis: Microbial Dysbiosis as a Shared Driver in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Endometriosis.Current microbiology · 2026Review
- Dysregulation of Hedonic Processing in Chronic Pain: Insights from Preclinical Data.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Maternal immune activation during the lactational period alters offspring behavior, reproductive development, and immune function in mice.Hormones and behavior · 2025Article
- Maternal immune activation during the lactational period alters offspring behavior, reproductive development, and immune function in mice.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- IL-33/ST2 drives inflammatory pain via CCL2 signaling and activation of TRPV1 and TRPM8.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Cognitive Dysfunction in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome-Aetiology and Potential Treatments.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Identifying microRNAs Possibly Implicated in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Fibromyalgia: A Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- RNA sequencing of the thalamus and rostral ventral medulla in rats with chronic orofacial pain.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2024Article
- Deciphering nociplastic pain: clinical features, risk factors and potential mechanisms.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2024Review
- Neuroactive Steroids, Toll-like Receptors, and Neuroimmune Regulation: Insights into Their Impact on Neuropsychiatric Disorders.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Fluoroscopy-Guided Transgluteal Pudendal Nerve Block for Pudendal Neuralgia: A Retrospective Case Series.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Screening TLR4 Binding Peptide fromToxins · 2024Article
- Review
- TLR4 induced TRPM2 mediated neuropathic pain.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
- Paclitaxel triggers molecular and cellular changes in the choroid plexus.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Applications of emerging extracellular vesicles technologies in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
73 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Proinflammatory central immune signaling contributes significantly to the initiation and maintenance of heightened pain states. Recent discoveries have implicated the innate immune system, pattern recognition Toll-like receptors in triggering these proinflammatory central immune signaling events. These exciting developments have been complemented by the discovery of neuronal expression of Toll-like receptors, suggesting pain pathways can be activated directly by the detection of pathogen associated molecular patterns or danger associated molecular patterns. This review will examine the evidence to date implicating Toll-like receptors and their associated signaling components in heightened pain states. In addition, insights into the impact Toll-like receptors have on priming central immune signaling systems for heightened pain states will be discussed. The influence possible sex differences in Toll-like receptor signaling have for female pain and the recognition of small molecule xenobiotics by Toll-like receptors will also be reviewed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.