ArticlePloS one2011
TLR1/TLR2 heterodimers play an important role in the recognition of Borrelia spirochetes.
Article in PloS one, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Toll-like receptor polymorphisms and tuberculosis susceptibility: A comprehensive meta-analysis.Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology. Medical sciences = Hua zhong ke ji da xue xue bao. Yi xue Ying De wen ban = Huazhong keji daxue xuebao. Yixue Yingdewen ban · 2015Pooled it
- Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato Employs Several Escape Mechanisms to Bypass the Human Defense System.European journal of immunology · 2026Review
- Lyme borreliosis.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2026Review
- Characterizing the impact of intracutaneous dissemination on host responses duringFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Endosome restricted human TLR1 polymorphism highlights a role for MyD88 in Pam3CSK4 detection.PloS one · 2026Article
- Dermal fibroblast cultures recapitulate differences between deermice and mice in responses to a Toll-like receptor agonist.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Dermal fibroblast cultures recapitulate differences between deermice and mice in their responses to a Toll-like receptor agonist.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Toll-like receptor 1 polymorphism is associated with impaired immune tolerance, dysregulated inflammatory responses toFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Lizards and the enzootic cycle of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato.Molecular microbiology · 2024Review
- Genome-wide analyses in Lyme borreliosis: identification of a genetic variant associated with disease susceptibility and its immunological implications.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Determinants of persistent symptoms after treatment for Lyme borreliosis: a prospective observational cohort study.EBioMedicine · 2023Observational
- Borrelia burgdorferi Engages Mammalian Type I IFN Responses via the cGAS-STING Pathway.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2023Article
- Inhibition ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Unique Clinical, Immune, and Genetic Signature in Patients with Borrelial MeningoradiculoneuritisEmerging infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Borrelia burgdorferi Is a Poor Inducer of Gamma Interferon: Amplification Induced by Interleukin-12.Infection and immunity · 2022Article
- Sciatic-Vagal Nerve Stimulation by Electroacupuncture Alleviates Inflammatory Arthritis in Lyme Disease-Susceptible C3H Mice.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Immune Response toCurrent issues in molecular biology · 2021Article
- A joint effort: The interplay between the innate and the adaptive immune system in Lyme arthritis.Immunological reviews · 2020Review
- Cytokine Expression Patterns and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in Patients with Chronic Borreliosis.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
- Susceptibility to infection with Borrelia afzelii and TLR2 polymorphism in a wild reservoir host.Scientific reports · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
After infection with Borrelia species, the risk for developing Lyme disease varies significantly between individuals. Recognition of Borrelia by the immune system is mediated by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), such as TLRs. While TLR2 is the main recognition receptor for Borrelia spp., little is known about the role of TLR1 and TLR6, which both can form functionally active heterodimers with TLR2. Here we investigated the recognition of Borrelia by both murine and human TLR1 and TLR6. Peritoneal macrophages from TLR1- and TLR6- gene deficient mice were isolated and exposed to Borrelia. Human PBMCs were stimulated with Borrelia with or without specific TLR1 and TLR6 blocking using specific antibodies. Finally, the functional consequences of TLR polymorphisms on Borrelia-induced cytokine production were assessed. Splenocytes isolated from both TLR1-/- and TLR6-/- mice displayed a distorted Th1/Th2 cytokine balance after stimulation with B.burgdorferi, while no differences in pro-inflammatory cytokine production were observed. In contrast, blockade of TLR1 with specific neutralizing antibodies led to decreased cytokine production by human PBMCs after exposure to B.burgdorferi. Blockade of human TLR6 did not lead to suppression of cytokine production. When PBMCs from healthy individuals bearing polymorphisms in TLR1 were exposed to B.burgdorferi, a remarkably decreased in vitro cytokine production was observed in comparison to wild-type controls. TLR6 polymorphisms lead to a minor modified cytokine production. This study indicates a dominant role for TLR1/TLR2 heterodimers in the induction of the early inflammatory response by Borrelia spirochetes in humans.
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