ArticleJournal of clinical microbiology2011
Restricted enzooticity of hepatitis E virus genotypes 1 to 4 in the United States.
Article in Journal of clinical microbiology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of the seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus in the general population across non-endemic countries.PloS one · 2019Pooled it
- Serological and Molecular Detection of Zoonotic Pathogens in European Bison (Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Absence of anti-HEV antibodies in donkeys in Algeria: a first serological survey.Veterinary research communications · 2026Article
- Trends and Challenges in the Detection and Environmental Surveillance of the Hepatitis E Virus.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Hepatitis E Virus in the Role of an Emerging Food-Borne Pathogen.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Anti-HEV seroprevalence and rate of viremia in a German cohort of dogs, cats, and horses.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Hepatitis E Virus in Livestock-Update on Its Epidemiology and Risk of Infection to Humans.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Review
- Higher Risk of HEV Transmission and Exposure among Blood Donors in Europe and Asia in Comparison to North America: A Meta-Analysis.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Current Knowledge of Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) Epidemiology in Ruminants.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Prevalence of hepatitis E virus antibodies in cattle in Burkina Faso associated with swine mixed farming.Journal of veterinary science · 2022Article
- Antibodies Against Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) in European Moose and White-Tailed Deer in Finland.Food and environmental virology · 2020Article
- Swine hepatitis E virus: Cross-species infection, pork safety and chronic infection.Virus research · 2020Review
- Hepatitis E Virus in Pigs from Slaughterhouses, United States, 2017-2019.Emerging infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Prevalence of anti-hepatitis E virus antibodies in domestic animal from three representative provinces of Burkina Faso.Veterinary and animal science · 2019Article
- The Current Host Range of Hepatitis E Viruses.Viruses · 2019Review
- Probable transmission of hepatitis E virus (HEV) via transfusion in the United States.Transfusion · 2019Article
- Hiding in Plain Sight? It's Time to Investigate Other Possible Transmission Routes for Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) in Developed Countries.Food and environmental virology · 2018Review
- Chevrier's Field Mouse (Apodemus chevrieri) and Père David's Vole (Eothenomys melanogaster) in China Carry Orthohepeviruses that form Two Putative Novel Genotypes Within the Species Orthohepevirus C.Virologica Sinica · 2018Article
- Dimerization: a structural feature for the protection of hepatitis E virus capsid protein against trypsinization.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Vaccine Development against Zoonotic Hepatitis E Virus: Open Questions and Remaining Challenges.Frontiers in microbiology · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
23 authors at 12 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hepatitis E is recognized as a zoonosis, and swine are known reservoirs, but how broadly enzootic its causative agent, hepatitis E virus (HEV), is remains controversial. To determine the prevalence of HEV infection in animals, a serological assay with capability to detect anti-HEV-antibody across a wide variety of animal species was devised. Recombinant antigens comprising truncated capsid proteins generated from HEV-subgenomic constructs that represent all four viral genotypes were used to capture anti-HEV in the test sample and as an analyte reporter. To facilitate development and validation of the assay, serum samples were assembled from blood donors (n = 372), acute hepatitis E patients (n = 94), five laboratory animals (rhesus monkey, pig, New Zealand rabbit, Wistar rat, and BALB/c mouse) immunized with HEV antigens, and four pigs experimentally infected with HEV. The assay was then applied to 4,936 sera collected from 35 genera of animals that were wild, feral, domesticated, or otherwise held captive in the United States. Test positivity was determined in 457 samples (9.3%). These originated from: bison (3/65, 4.6%), cattle (174/1,156, 15%), dogs (2/212, 0.9%), Norway rats (2/318, 0.6%), farmed swine (267/648, 41.2%), and feral swine (9/306, 2.9%). Only the porcine samples yielded the highest reactivities. HEV RNA was amplified from one farmed pig and two feral pigs and characterized by nucleotide sequencing to belong to genotype 3. HEV infected farmed swine primarily, and the role of other animals as reservoirs of its zoonotic spread appears to be limited.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.