ArticleThe Journal of biological chemistry2011
Comparative metabolic flux profiling of melanoma cell lines: beyond the Warburg effect.
Article in The Journal of biological chemistry, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 221 papers.
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Who cites it
221 citing papers in PubMed, 318 citations in OpenAlex.
- Integrative Multi-Omics Reveal Metabolic Reprogramming by Ketogenic Diet in Melanoma Xenografts.Biomolecules · 2026Article
- HIF-1α drives distinct aspects of hypoxia-induced glucose metabolism in intestinal epithelial cells.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2026Article
- Metabolic inhibition of glutamate-cysteine ligase increases dendritic cell-mediated antitumor immunity in melanoma.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- RIPK4 is associated with altered bioenergetics and invasive in melanoma three-dimensional models.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The role of protein lactylation in skin diseases: from molecular mechanisms to potential therapeutics.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Melanoma treatment in the era of nanotechnology and precision medicine.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Review
- Mapping carbon utilization pathways inmSystems · 2025Article
- Targeting Glycolysis with 2-Deoxy-D-Glucose and Lysosomal Integrity with L-Leucyl-L-Leucine Methyl Ester as Antimelanoma Strategy.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Mitochondrial bioenergetics and networks in melanoma: an update.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2025Review
- Current status of traditional Chinese medicine in modulating mitochondrial metabolic abnormalities in tumors.Cancer biology & medicine · 2025Review
- Hexokinase 2 is an RNA-binding protein that regulates mRNA translation independently of glycolysis and induces melanoma cell proliferation.PLoS biology · 2025Article
- Metabolic reprogramming in melanoma therapy.Cell death discovery · 2025Review
- Self-amplifying NRF2-EZH2 epigenetic loop converts KRAS-initiated progenitors to invasive pancreatic cancer.Nature cancer · 2025Article
- Inter-Relationship Between Melanoma Vemurafenib Tolerance Thresholds and Metabolic Pathway Choice.Cells · 2025Article
- Metabolic Reprogramming in Melanoma: An Epigenetic Point of View.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The Warburg hypothesis and the emergence of the mitochondrial metabolic theory of cancer.Journal of bioenergetics and biomembranes · 2025Review
- Sex-related changes in lactate dehydrogenase A expression differently impact the immune response in melanoma.The FEBS journal · 2025Article
- Unraveling the role of hypoxia-inducible factors in cutaneous melanoma: from mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Review
- Exploiting Paradoxical Activation of Oncogenic MAPK Signaling by Targeting Mitochondria to SensitizeInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Integrated transcriptome and metabolome analysis of melanin-related genes and metabolites in Muchuan Black Bones Chickens.PloS one · 2025Article
161 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Metabolic rewiring is an established hallmark of cancer, but the details of this rewiring at a systems level are not well characterized. Here we acquire this insight in a melanoma cell line panel by tracking metabolic flux using isotopically labeled nutrients. Metabolic profiling and flux balance analysis were used to compare normal melanocytes to melanoma cell lines in both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. All melanoma cells exhibited the Warburg phenomenon; they used more glucose and produced more lactate than melanocytes. Other changes were observed in melanoma cells that are not described by the Warburg phenomenon. Hypoxic conditions increased fermentation of glucose to lactate in both melanocytes and melanoma cells (the Pasteur effect). However, metabolism was not strictly glycolytic, as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle was functional in all melanoma lines, even under hypoxia. Furthermore, glutamine was also a key nutrient providing a substantial anaplerotic contribution to the TCA cycle. In the WM35 melanoma line glutamine was metabolized in the "reverse" (reductive) direction in the TCA cycle, particularly under hypoxia. This reverse flux allowed the melanoma cells to synthesize fatty acids from glutamine while glucose was primarily converted to lactate. Altogether, this study, which is the first comprehensive comparative analysis of metabolism in melanoma cells, provides a foundation for targeting metabolism for therapeutic benefit in melanoma.
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Registered trials
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