ReviewNature reviews. Immunology2011
Protective and pathogenic functions of macrophage subsets.
Review in Nature reviews. Immunology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2,768 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2,768 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- From tumor microenvironment orchestrators to actionable targets: a systematic review of TAM-targeted therapies in triple-negative breast cancer.International journal of clinical oncology · 2026Pooled it
- From mechanism to therapy: advances in macrophage polarisation and targeted intervention in osteosarcoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Probiotic extracellular vesicles reprogram macrophage immunometabolism: From gut crosstalk to host health.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Corneal macrophages and limbal stem cells: emerging roles in ocular surface regeneration.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- Drug-induced metabolic remodeling promotes antimicrobial activity in macrophages and extends longevity in vivo.Life science alliance · 2026Article
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- Alveolar Macrophages: Development, Respiratory Homeostasis, Signal Pathways, Diseases, and Therapeutic Opportunities.MedComm · 2026Review
- Platelet-derived serotonin epigenetically programs macrophage alternative activation to orchestrate type 2 airway inflammation.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2026Article
- A narrative review of barrier-matched engineering of macrophages for solid tumor immunotherapy: design logic, translational barriers and clinical outlook.Translational cancer research · 2026Review
- Review
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- Injectable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels for Antibacterial Applications: Design Strategies, Antibacterial Mechanisms, and Biomedical Applications.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- SPP1Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Tobramycin enhancesProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Intracellular Singlet Oxygen Generation Mediated by Upconversion Nanoparticles in RAW 264.7 Macrophages.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Bioactive Conjugate Based on Bacterial Protein Toxins for Targeted Down-Modulation of Macrophage Functions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Spatial biology reveals altered macrophage states in immunosuppressed non-melanoma skin cancer.Cell · 2026Article
2,708 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Macrophages are strategically located throughout the body tissues, where they ingest and process foreign materials, dead cells and debris and recruit additional macrophages in response to inflammatory signals. They are highly heterogeneous cells that can rapidly change their function in response to local microenvironmental signals. In this Review, we discuss the four stages of orderly inflammation mediated by macrophages: recruitment to tissues; differentiation and activation in situ; conversion to suppressive cells; and restoration of tissue homeostasis. We also discuss the protective and pathogenic functions of the various macrophage subsets in antimicrobial defence, antitumour immune responses, metabolism and obesity, allergy and asthma, tumorigenesis, autoimmunity, atherosclerosis, fibrosis and wound healing. Finally, we briefly discuss the characterization of macrophage heterogeneity in humans.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.