Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21996756›Full record

ArticleHuman genetics2012

A novel approach of homozygous haplotype sharing identifies candidate genes in autism spectrum disorder.

Jillian P Casey, Tiago Magalhaes, Judith M Conroy, Regina Regan, Naisha Shah, Richard Anney, Denis C Shields, Brett S Abrahams, Joana Almeida, Elena Bacchelli and 116 more

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Human genetics, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 113 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
113citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
8.9field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

113 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 202 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Glutamatergic candidate genes in autism spectrum disorder: an overview.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2014
    Pooled it
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  13. The Eph-ephrin system in neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders.Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN · 2026
    Review
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53 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

126 authors at 20 institutions in 11 countries.

Jillian P CaseySchool of Medicine and Medical Science University College, Dublin, Ireland.
Tiago Magalhaes
Judith M Conroy
Regina Regan
Naisha Shah
Richard Anney
Denis C Shields
Brett S Abrahams
Joana Almeida
Elena Bacchelli
Anthony J Bailey
Gillian Baird
Agatino Battaglia
Tom Berney
Nadia Bolshakova
Patrick F Bolton
Thomas Bourgeron
Sean Brennan
Phil Cali
Catarina Correia
Christina Corsello
Marc Coutanche
Geraldine Dawson
Maretha de Jonge
Richard Delorme
Eftichia Duketis
Frederico Duque
Annette Estes
Penny Farrar
Bridget A Fernandez
Susan E Folstein
Suzanne Foley
Eric Fombonne
Christine M Freitag
John Gilbert
Christopher Gillberg
Joseph T Glessner
Jonathan Green
Stephen J Guter
Hakon Hakonarson
Richard Holt
Gillian Hughes
Vanessa Hus
Roberta Igliozzi
Cecilia Kim
Sabine M Klauck
Alexander Kolevzon
Janine A Lamb
Marion Leboyer
Ann Le Couteur
Bennett L Leventhal
Catherine Lord
Sabata C Lund
Elena Maestrini
Carine Mantoulan
Christian R Marshall
Helen McConachie
Christopher J McDougle
Jane McGrath
William M McMahon
Alison Merikangas
Judith Miller
Fiorella Minopoli
Ghazala K Mirza
Jeff Munson
Stanley F Nelson
Gudrun Nygren
Guiomar Oliveira
Alistair T Pagnamenta
Katerina Papanikolaou
Jeremy R Parr
Barbara Parrini
Andrew Pickles
Dalila Pinto
Joseph Piven
David J Posey
Annemarie Poustka
Fritz Poustka
Jiannis Ragoussis
Bernadette Roge
Michael L Rutter
Ana F Sequeira
Latha Soorya
Inês Sousa
Nuala Sykes
Vera Stoppioni
Raffaella Tancredi
Maïté Tauber
Ann P Thompson
Susanne Thomson
John Tsiantis
Herman Van Engeland
John B Vincent
Fred Volkmar
Jacob A S Vorstman
Simon Wallace
Kai Wang
Thomas H Wassink
Kathy White
Kirsty Wing
Kerstin Wittemeyer
Brian L Yaspan
Lonnie Zwaigenbaum
Catalina Betancur
Joseph D Buxbaum
Rita M Cantor
Edwin H Cook
Hilary Coon
Michael L Cuccaro
Daniel H Geschwind
Jonathan L Haines
Joachim Hallmayer
Anthony P Monaco
John I Nurnberger
Margaret A Pericak-Vance
Gerard D Schellenberg
Stephen W Scherer
James S Sutcliffe
Peter Szatmari
Veronica J Vieland
Ellen M Wijsman
Andrew Green
Michael Gill
Louise Gallagher
Astrid Vicente
Sean Ennis
Trinity College Dublin · IEUniversity College Dublin · IECentre for Human Genetics · GBUniversity of Oxford · GBVanderbilt University · USChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia · USFondazione Stella Maris · ITNewcastle University · GBUniversity of Miami · USGoethe University Frankfurt · DEHospital for Sick Children · CAIcahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai · USUniversity Medical Center Utrecht · NLUniversity of Bologna · ITUniversity of Illinois Chicago · USUniversity of Michigan · USUniversity of Utah · USUniversity of Washington · USCenter for Autism and Related Disorders · USChildren's Hospital Agia Sophia · GR

Funding

Understanding Repetitive Behavior in AutismP50HD055784 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI BOOKHEIMER, SUSAN Y · 2007 to 2021
$32.0M
A Comprehensive Approach to Identification of Autism Susceptibility GenesR01MH081754 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI GESCHWIND, DANIEL H · 2008 to 2012
$14.6M
USE OF DNA PROBE FOR CHOLINERGIC AND NON-CHOLINERGIC MG ANTIGENP01NS026630 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE · PI PERICAK-VANCE, MARGARET A. · 1989 to 2009
$12.6M
UW Autism Center of ExcellenceP50HD055782 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI ABBOTT, ROBERT D · 2007 to 2011
$11.0M
TRANS STUDIES OF COGNITIVE,AFFECTIVE/NEUROCHEMICAL PROCESSES UNDERLYING INSISTENCP50HD055751 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO · PI COOK, EDWIN H · 2007 to 2011
$9.5M
Center for Genomic and Phenomic Studies in AutismU24MH081810 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI LAJONCHERE, CLARA M · 2007 to 2011
$8.3M
MANAGEMENT/STATISTICS COREU54MH066673 · NIMH · MOUNT SINAI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE OF NYU · PI BUXBAUM, JOSEPH D. · 2003 to 2007
$7.7M
Program in NeurogenomicsT32MH065215 · NIMH · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY · PI ROGER J COLBRAN · 2002 to 2026
$6.4M
Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology of AutismR01MH080647 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE · PI PERICAK-VANCE, MARGARET A. · 2007 to 2011
$5.9M
Genetics Association in Schizophrenia and Other DisordersR37MH057881 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI DEVLIN, BERNIE · 2013 to 2022
$5.4M
GENETIC ASSOCIATION IN SCHIZOPHRENIA AND OTHER DISORDERSR01MH057881 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI DEVLIN, BERNIE · 1998 to 2012
$4.8M
INFRASTRUCTURE TO FACILITATE DISCOVERY OF AUTISM GENESR01NS042165 · NINDS · TUFTS MEDICAL CENTER · PI HALLMAYER, JOACHIM F · 2002 to 2006
$4.2M
Autism Speaks AS2482CIHRMedical Research Council G0601030NICHD NIH HHS HD055751NICHD NIH HHS HD055782NICHD NIH HHS HD055784NICHD NIH HHS HD35465NICHD NIH HHS P01 HD035465NICHD NIH HHS P50 HD055751NICHD NIH HHS P50 HD055782NICHD NIH HHS P50 HD055784NIMH NIH HHS 1U24MH081810NIMH NIH HHS MH061009NIMH NIH HHS MH06359NIMH NIH HHS MH066673NIMH NIH HHS MH080647NIMH NIH HHS MH081754NIMH NIH HHS MH52708NIMH NIH HHS MH55284NIMH NIH HHS MH57881NIMH NIH HHS MH66766NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH055284NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH057881NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH061009NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH080647NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH081754NIMH NIH HHS R37 MH057881NIMH NIH HHS T32 MH065215NIMH NIH HHS U10 MH066766NIMH NIH HHS U24 MH081810NIMH NIH HHS U54 MH066673NINDS NIH HHS NS026630NINDS NIH HHS NS042165NINDS NIH HHS NS049261NINDS NIH HHS P01 NS026630NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS042165NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS049261Wellcome Trust 075491/Z/04Wellcome Trust 090532
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly heritable disorder of complex and heterogeneous aetiology. It is primarily characterized by altered cognitive ability including impaired language and communication skills and fundamental deficits in social reciprocity. Despite some notable successes in neuropsychiatric genetics, overall, the high heritability of ASD (~90%) remains poorly explained by common genetic risk variants. However, recent studies suggest that rare genomic variation, in particular copy number variation, may account for a significant proportion of the genetic basis of ASD. We present a large scale analysis to identify candidate genes which may contain low-frequency recessive variation contributing to ASD while taking into account the potential contribution of population differences to the genetic heterogeneity of ASD. Our strategy, homozygous haplotype (HH) mapping, aims to detect homozygous segments of identical haplotype structure that are shared at a higher frequency amongst ASD patients compared to parental controls. The analysis was performed on 1,402 Autism Genome Project trios genotyped for 1 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We identified 25 known and 1,218 novel ASD candidate genes in the discovery analysis including CADM2, ABHD14A, CHRFAM7A, GRIK2, GRM3, EPHA3, FGF10, KCND2, PDZK1, IMMP2L and FOXP2. Furthermore, 10 of the previously reported ASD genes and 300 of the novel candidates identified in the discovery analysis were replicated in an independent sample of 1,182 trios. Our results demonstrate that regions of HH are significantly enriched for previously reported ASD candidate genes and the observed association is independent of gene size (odds ratio 2.10). Our findings highlight the applicability of HH mapping in complex disorders such as ASD and offer an alternative approach to the analysis of genome-wide association data.

Indexed as

AdultChildChild Development Disorders, PervasiveCluster AnalysisCohort StudiesDNA Copy Number VariationsFemaleGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseGenome-Wide Association StudyGenotypeHaplotypesHomozygoteHumansLinkage DisequilibriumMaleMiddle Aged

Identifiers

PMID21996756
PMCPMC3303079
OpenAlexW2067513312

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.