Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21996677›Full record

ArticleThe American journal of pathology2011

Snail1 mediates hypoxia-induced melanoma progression.

Shujing Liu, Suresh M Kumar, James S Martin, Ruifeng Yang, Xiaowei Xu

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The American journal of pathology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
31citing papers in PubMed
1.1field-weighted citation impact, top 25% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

31 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Expression ofCells · 2024
    Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Hypoxia-dependent drivers of melanoma progression.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2021
    Review
  11. Review
  12. Review
  13. Loss of Phd2 cooperates with BRAFNature communications · 2018
    Article
  14. Endothelial HIF-2α contributes to severe pulmonary hypertension due to endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2018
    Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Shujing LiuDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
Suresh M Kumar
James S Martin
Ruifeng Yang
Xiaowei Xu
University of Pennsylvania · US

Funding

Tissue &PathologyP50CA093372 · NCI · WISTAR INSTITUTE · PI HERLYN, MEENHARD F · 2001 to 2009
$15.4M
Characterization of neural crest stem cells in human hair follicles.R01AR054593 · NIAMS · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI XU, XIAOWEI · 2009 to 2013
$1.9M
Ultrasensitive FACTT assays for serum biomarkersR21CA116103 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI XU, XIAOWEI · 2007 to 2008
$389k
NCI NIH HHS CA-093372NCI NIH HHS CA-116103NCI NIH HHS P50 CA093372NCI NIH HHS R21 CA116103NIAMS NIH HHS AR-054593NIAMS NIH HHS R01 AR054593
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Tumor hypoxia is a known adverse prognostic factor, and the hypoxic dermal microenvironment participates in melanomagenesis. High levels of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) expression in melanoma cells, particularly HIF-2α, is associated with poor prognosis. The mechanism underlying the effect of hypoxia on melanoma progression, however, is not fully understood. We report evidence that the effects of hypoxia on melanoma cells are mediated through activation of Snail1. Hypoxia increased melanoma cell migration and drug resistance, and these changes were accompanied by increased Snail1 and decreased E-cadherin expression. Snail1 expression was regulated by HIF-2α in melanoma. Snail1 overexpression led to more aggressive tumor phenotypes and features associated with stem-like melanoma cells in vitro and increased metastatic capacity in vivo. In addition, we found that knockdown of endogenous Snail1 reduced melanoma proliferation and migratory capacity. Snail1 knockdown also prevented melanoma metastasis in vivo. In summary, hypoxia up-regulates Snail1 expression and leads to increased metastatic capacity and drug resistance in melanoma cells. Our findings support that the effects of hypoxia on melanoma are mediated through Snail1 gene activation and suggest that Snail1 is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of melanoma.

Indexed as

AnimalsAntineoplastic AgentsBasic Helix-Loop-Helix ProteinsCadherinsCell HypoxiaCell Line, TumorCisplatinDisease ProgressionDrug Resistance, NeoplasmEndothelial PAS Domain-Containing Protein 1Gene Knockdown TechniquesHumansMaleMelanomaMiceMice, NudeAntineoplastic AgentsBasic Helix-Loop-Helix ProteinsCadherinsCisplatinEndothelial PAS Domain-Containing Protein 1RNA, Small InterferingSNAI1 protein, humanSnai1 protein, mouseSnail Family Transcription FactorsTranscription Factors

Identifiers

PMID21996677
PMCPMC3260799
OpenAlexW1997059241

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.