ReviewViruses2011
The prevalence and significance of HTLV-I/II seroindeterminate Western blot patterns.
Review in Viruses, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- TAX gene expression is associated with western blot patterns and high viral loadin HTLV-1 infected individuals.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2025Article
- Human T-Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV): Epidemiology, Genetic, Pathogenesis, and Future Challenges.Viruses · 2025Review
- Association between HTLV-1/2 infection and COVID-19 severity in a migrant Shipibo-Konibo population in Lima, Peru.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Clinical characteristics and outcomes of infection with human T-lymphotropic virus in a non-endemic area: a single institution study.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Multi-Epitope Protein as a Tool of Serological Diagnostic Development for HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 Infections.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Brazilian Protocol for Sexually Transmitted Infections 2020: human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) infection.Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical · 2021Article
- A Strategy for Screening and Confirmation of HTLV-1/2 Infections in Low-Endemic Areas.Frontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- HTLV-1 infection: An emerging risk. Pathogenesis, epidemiology, diagnosis and associated diseases.Revista espanola de quimioterapia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia · 2019Review
- HTLV-1-infected asymptomatic carriers compared to HAM/TSP patients over-express the apoptosis- and cytotoxicity-related molecules.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2019Article
- Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I and II seroprevalence among volunteer blood donors in Thailand.Pathogens and global health · 2018Article
- HTLV-1: A real pathogen or a runaway guest of a diseased cell?Journal of biosciences · 2018Review
- Specific pathogen free macaque colonies: a review of principles and recent advances for viral testing and colony management.Journal of medical primatology · 2016Review
- Article
- Relevance of retrovirus quantification in cerebrospinal fluid for neurologic diagnosis.Journal of biomedical science · 2015Article
- No Evidence of HTLV-II Infection Among Immonoblot Indeterminate Samples Using Nested PCR in Mashhad, Northeast of Iran.Iranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2013Article
- A new and frequent human T-cell leukemia virus indeterminate Western blot pattern: epidemiological determinants and PCR results in central African inhabitants.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2012Article
- A Survey on Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) and Xenotropic Murine Leukemia Virus-Related Virus (XMRV) Coinfection in Tehran, Iran.Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciencesArticle
- Human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 infection among men who have sex with men in Central Brazil.The Brazilian journal of infectious diseases : an official publication of the Brazilian Society of Infectious DiseasesArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) infects an estimated 15-20 million persons worldwide. A number of diseases have been associated with the virus including adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), HTLV-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), HTLV-I uveitis, and HTLV-I-associated infective dermatitis. Once it was shown that there is an increased risk for developing HAM/TSP associated with blood transfusion, screening for HTLV-1 among blood banks was implemented in Japan, United States, France, and the Netherlands. This process includes detection by an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) followed by a confirmatory Western blot (WB) in which recombinant proteins specific for HTLV-I Env glycoproteins are incorporated into WB strips. HTLV-I seropositive results are defined by the presence of antibodies against either gp46 or gp62/68 (both Env protein bands) and either p19, p24, or p53 (one of the gag bands). HTLV-II seropositivity is confirmed by the presence of rgp46-II. However, numerous cases have been documented in which serum samples are reactive by EIA, but an incomplete banding pattern is displayed by subsequent confirmatory WB. Although the significance of these HTLV-I/II seroindeterminates is unclear, it may suggest a much higher incidence of exposure to HTLV-I/II than previously estimated.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.