Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21994708›Full record

ArticleViruses2010

Coronavirus genomics and bioinformatics analysis.

Patrick C Y Woo, Yi Huang, Susanna K P Lau, Kwok-Yung Yuen

Registry-linked trialOpen access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Viruses, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04409574 (COVID19 Viral Clearance Among the Infected Healthcare Workers In Assiut University Hospitals), which is not on this map. Cited by 430 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
430citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
5.9field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04409574 unknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2020, after this paper: background citation

COVID19 Viral Clearance Among the Infected Healthcare Workers In Assiut University Hospitals

TypeobservationalSponsorAssiut UniversityRan2020 to 2021Enrolled31ConditionsInfection, Coronavirus
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

430 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 950 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  20. Assessing the behavior of food handlers wearing face masks and the passage of bacteria through disposable masks.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2025
    Article

370 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Patrick C Y WooState Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
Yi HuangDepartment of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, University Pathology Building,.
Susanna K P LauState Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
Kwok-Yung YuenState Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
University of Hong Kong · HKChinese University of Hong Kong · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The drastic increase in the number of coronaviruses discovered and coronavirus genomes being sequenced have given us an unprecedented opportunity to perform genomics and bioinformatics analysis on this family of viruses. Coronaviruses possess the largest genomes (26.4 to 31.7 kb) among all known RNA viruses, with G + C contents varying from 32% to 43%. Variable numbers of small ORFs are present between the various conserved genes (ORF1ab, spike, envelope, membrane and nucleocapsid) and downstream to nucleocapsid gene in different coronavirus lineages. Phylogenetically, three genera, Alphacoronavirus, Betacoronavirus and Gammacoronavirus, with Betacoronavirus consisting of subgroups A, B, C and D, exist. A fourth genus, Deltacoronavirus, which includes bulbul coronavirus HKU11, thrush coronavirus HKU12 and munia coronavirus HKU13, is emerging. Molecular clock analysis using various gene loci revealed that the time of most recent common ancestor of human/civet SARS related coronavirus to be 1999-2002, with estimated substitution rate of 4×10(-4) to 2×10(-2) substitutions per site per year. Recombination in coronaviruses was most notable between different strains of murine hepatitis virus (MHV), between different strains of infectious bronchitis virus, between MHV and bovine coronavirus, between feline coronavirus (FCoV) type I and canine coronavirus generating FCoV type II, and between the three genotypes of human coronavirus HKU1 (HCoV-HKU1). Codon usage bias in coronaviruses were observed, with HCoV-HKU1 showing the most extreme bias, and cytosine deamination and selection of CpG suppressed clones are the two major independent biological forces that shape such codon usage bias in coronaviruses.

Indexed as

bioinformaticscoronavirusgenome

Identifiers

PMID21994708
PMCPMC3185738
OpenAlexW2057987200

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.