ArticleViruses2009
Viroid replication: rolling-circles, enzymes and ribozymes.
Article in Viruses, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 94 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Gatekeepers and Gatecrashers of the Symplasm: Cross-Kingdom Effector Manipulation of Plasmodesmata in Plants.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Identification of Obelisk-like covalently closed circular RNA replicon in hot springs by double-stranded RNA sequencing and expansion of the diversity of the Obelisk superfamily.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- First Detection and Molecular Characterization of Peach Latent Mosaic Viroid (PLMVd) in Kazakhstan.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Diversity and evolution of viroids and viroid-like agents with circular RNA genomes revealed by metatranscriptome mining.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Characterisation of the genetic diversity of citrus viroid VII using amplicon sequencing.Archives of virology · 2024Article
- Development of a CRISPR/SHERLOCK-Based Method for Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Selected Pospiviroids.Viruses · 2024Article
- Viral Metatranscriptomic Analysis to Reveal the Diversity of Viruses Infecting Satsuma Mandarin (Citrus unshiu) in Korea.The plant pathology journal · 2024Article
- The RNA-DNA world and the emergence of DNA-encoded heritable traits.RNA biology · 2024Article
- Article
- Rock, scissors, paper: How RNA structure informs function.The Plant cell · 2023Article
- Hybrids of RNA viruses and viroid-like elements replicate in fungi.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Analysis of Hop Stunt Viroid Diversity in Grapevine (Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- ASSVd infection inhibits the vegetative growth of apple trees by affecting leaf metabolism.Frontiers in plant science · 2023Article
- Article
- The Effect of Environment on the Evolution and Proliferation of Protocells of Increasing Complexity.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Visualizing RNA polymers produced by hot wet-dry cycling.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Rolling circle RNA synthesis catalyzed by RNA.eLife · 2022Article
- Viroids and Viroid-like Circular RNAs: Do They Descend from Primordial Replicators?Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Evolution towards increasing complexity through functional diversification in a protocell model of the RNA world.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Viroids, due to their small size and lack of protein-coding capacity, must rely essentially on their hosts for replication. Intriguingly, viroids have evolved the ability to replicate in two cellular organella, the nucleus (family Pospiviroidae) and the chloroplast (family Avsunviroidae). Viroid replication proceeds through an RNA-based rolling-circle mechanism with three steps that, with some variations, operate in both polarity strands: i) synthesis of longer-than-unit strands catalyzed by either the nuclear RNA polymerase II or a nuclear-encoded chloroplastic RNA polymerase, in both instances redirected to transcribe RNA templates, ii) cleavage to unit-length, which in the family Avsunviroidae is mediated by hammerhead ribozymes embedded in both polarity strands, while in the family Pospiviroidae the oligomeric RNAs provide the proper conformation but not the catalytic activity, and iii) circularization. The host RNA polymerases, most likely assisted by additional host proteins, start transcription from specific sites, thus implying the existence of viroid promoters. Cleavage and ligation in the family Pospiviroidae is probably catalyzed by an RNase III-like enzyme and an RNA ligase able to circularize the resulting 5' and 3' termini. Whether a chloroplastic RNA ligase mediates circularization in the family Avsunviroidae, or this reaction is autocatalytic, remains an open issue.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.