ArticleNature2011
A high-resolution map of human evolutionary constraint using 29 mammals.
Article in Nature, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 670 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
670 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Genome-wide association meta-analysis of age at onset of walking in over 70,000 infants of European ancestry.Nature human behaviour · 2025Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of the Human Accelerated Regions in Schizophrenia and Related Disorders: Where the Evolutionary and Neurodevelopmental Hypotheses Converge.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- The genetic and biochemical determinants of mRNA degradation rates in mammals.Genome biology · 2022Pooled it
- Shared genetic architectures of subjective well-being in East Asian and European ancestry populations.Nature human behaviour · 2022Pooled it
- Examination of the shared genetic basis of anorexia nervosa and obsessive-compulsive disorder.Molecular psychiatry · 2020Pooled it
- Regulatory Evolution and the Genetic Basis of Human Brain Expansion.Journal of molecular evolution · 2026Review
- A Human Accelerated Region Drives Opposing Heterochronic Changes in Craniofacial and Limb Development.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Fine-mapping candidate neuropsychiatric regulatory variants using cell type-aware comparative genomics.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Pervasive cryptic selection in the human noncoding genome.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Lift&Add-rapid and robust addition of new species to alignments of conserved non-coding sequences.Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- A high-quality reference genome for the ornate shrew (Sorex ornatus).The Journal of heredity · 2026Article
- Comprehensive review and assessment of multi-species splicing variant prediction: task-specific deep learning models and genomic foundation models.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2026Review
- Genomic approaches for understanding the evolution of the human brain.Nature neuroscience · 2026Review
- Ubiquitous impact of natural selection on nucleotide diversity in 178 species of primates.Genome biology · 2026Article
- Orthrus: toward evolutionary and functional RNA foundation models.Nature methods · 2026Article
- Species-specific chromatin architecture and neurogenesis mediated by a human enhancer.Cell stem cell · 2026Article
- A genomic compendium of hundreds of teleost fishes reveals their evolutionary landscape.Innovation (Cambridge (Mass.)) · 2026Article
- The Road so Far: Tracing the Molecular Evolution of Hexokinase Family in Metazoa.Genome biology and evolution · 2026Article
- Distinguishing causal from tagging enhancers using single-cell multiome data.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Article
610 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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89 authors.
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Abstract
The comparison of related genomes has emerged as a powerful lens for genome interpretation. Here we report the sequencing and comparative analysis of 29 eutherian genomes. We confirm that at least 5.5% of the human genome has undergone purifying selection, and locate constrained elements covering ∼4.2% of the genome. We use evolutionary signatures and comparisons with experimental data sets to suggest candidate functions for ∼60% of constrained bases. These elements reveal a small number of new coding exons, candidate stop codon readthrough events and over 10,000 regions of overlapping synonymous constraint within protein-coding exons. We find 220 candidate RNA structural families, and nearly a million elements overlapping potential promoter, enhancer and insulator regions. We report specific amino acid residues that have undergone positive selection, 280,000 non-coding elements exapted from mobile elements and more than 1,000 primate- and human-accelerated elements. Overlap with disease-associated variants indicates that our findings will be relevant for studies of human biology, health and disease.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.