ArticlePLoS biology2011
Protection of Sinorhizobium against host cysteine-rich antimicrobial peptides is critical for symbiosis.
Article in PLoS biology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 99 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
99 citing papers in PubMed, 198 citations in OpenAlex.
- Engineering Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation for Agriculture: Predominant Role of Host Plants and Fine-Tuning Regulation.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- BacA(SbmA) importer of legume symbiotic NCR peptides: Protein architecture, function, and evolutionary implications.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Mutations in legume genes that influence symbiosis create a complex selective landscape for rhizobial symbionts.The ISME journal · 2026Article
- Article
- Exploiting peptide chirality and transport to dissect the complex mechanism of action of host peptides on bacteria.PLoS genetics · 2025Article
- Inhibition of rhizobial cheaters by the host Medicago truncatula involves repression of symbiotic functions and induction of defense.The New phytologist · 2025Article
- A minimized symbiotic gene set from the 1.68 Mb pSymB chromid of Sinorhizobium meliloti reveals auxiliary symbiotic loci.BMC biology · 2025Article
- Enacting partner specificity in legume-rhizobia symbioses.aBIOTECH · 2025Review
- Protein import into bacterial endosymbionts and evolving organelles.The FEBS journal · 2025Review
- Taxonomic distribution of SbmA/BacA and BacA-like antimicrobial peptide transporters suggests independent recruitment and convergent evolution in host-microbe interactions.Microbial genomics · 2025Article
- Host-imposed control mechanisms in legume-rhizobia symbiosis.Nature microbiology · 2024Review
- CopGBiology · 2024Article
- Exploring the role of symbiotic modifier peptidases in the legume - rhizobium symbiosis.Archives of microbiology · 2024Review
- Article
- Dual RNA-Seq Analysis Pinpoints a Balanced Regulation between Symbiosis and Immunity inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- A protease and a lipoprotein jointly modulate the conserved ExoR-ExoS-ChvI signaling pathway critical in Sinorhizobium meliloti for symbiosis with legume hosts.PLoS genetics · 2023Article
- Identification and evolution of nsLTPs in the root nodule nitrogen fixation clade and molecular response of Frankia to AgLTP24.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- A signal peptide peptidase is required for ER-symbiosome proximal association and protein secretion.Nature communications · 2023Article
- DNA-binding and protein structure of nuclear factors likely acting in genetic information processing in theProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Article
39 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
14 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Sinorhizobium meliloti differentiates into persisting, nitrogen-fixing bacteroids within root nodules of the legume Medicago truncatula. Nodule-specific cysteine-rich antimicrobial peptides (NCR AMPs) and the bacterial BacA protein are essential for bacteroid development. However, the bacterial factors central to the NCR AMP response and the in planta role of BacA are unknown. We investigated the hypothesis that BacA is critical for the bacterial response towards NCR AMPs. We found that BacA was not essential for NCR AMPs to induce features of S. meliloti bacteroids in vitro. Instead, BacA was critical to reduce the amount of NCR AMP-induced membrane permeabilization and bacterial killing in vitro. Within M. truncatula, both wild-type and BacA-deficient mutant bacteria were challenged with NCR AMPs, but this resulted in persistence of the wild-type bacteria and rapid cell death of the mutant bacteria. In contrast, BacA was dispensable for bacterial survival in an M. truncatula dnf1 mutant defective in NCR AMP transport to the bacterial compartment. Therefore, BacA is critical for the legume symbiosis by protecting S. meliloti against the bactericidal effects of NCR AMPs. Host AMPs are ubiquitous in nature and BacA proteins are essential for other chronic host infections by symbiotic and pathogenic bacteria. Hence, our findings suggest that BacA-mediated protection of bacteria against host AMPs is a critical stage in the establishment of different prolonged host infections.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.