ArticleJournal of pharmaceutical sciences2012
Effect of ion pairing on in vitro transcorneal permeability of a Δ(9) -tetrahydrocannabinol prodrug: potential in glaucoma therapy.
Article in Journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Ocular effects of synthetic cannabinoids: a case-control study.Eye (London, England) · 2025Observational
- Advancing ophthalmic delivery of flurbiprofen via synergistic chiral resolution and ion-pairing strategies.Asian journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2024Article
- LC-MS/MS quantitation of non-psychotropic cannabinoid cannabidiol in aqueous humor.Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis · 2023Article
- Newer advances in medical management of glaucoma.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2022Review
- Effect of surfactant concentration and sterilization process on intraocular pressure-lowering activity of ΔDrug delivery and translational research · 2021Article
- The Relationship Between Plasma Tetrahydrocannabinol Levels and Intraocular Pressure in Healthy Adult Subjects.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Article
- ΔTranslational vision science & technology · 2019Article
- Neuroprotection by (endo)Cannabinoids in Glaucoma and Retinal Neurodegenerative Diseases.Current neuropharmacology · 2018Review
- Ocular Disposition of ∆AAPS PharmSciTech · 2017Article
- Development of a Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Amino Acid-Dicarboxylate Prodrug With Improved Ocular Bioavailability.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2017Article
- Advances in the use of prodrugs for drug delivery to the eye.Expert opinion on drug delivery · 2017Review
- Evaluation of topical hesperetin matrix film for back-of-the-eye delivery.European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics : official journal of Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik e.V · 2015Article
- Ocular disposition of the hemiglutarate ester prodrug of ∆⁹-Tetrahydrocannabinol from various ophthalmic formulations.Pharmaceutical research · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate and improve the in vitro transcorneal permeability characteristics of Δ(9) -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) through prodrug derivatization and formulation approaches. In vitro corneal permeability of THC and its hemisuccinate (THC-HS) and hemiglutarate (THC-HG) ester prodrugs and WIN 55-212-2 (WIN), a synthetic cannabinoid, was determined using isolated rabbit cornea. The formulations studied included hydroxypropyl beta cyclodextrin (HPβCD) or randomly methylated beta cyclodextrin (RMβCD), as well as prodrug-ion-pair complexes with l-arginine or tromethamine. Corneal permeability of WIN was found to be two-fold higher than THC in the presence of HPβCD. THC-HS and THC-HG exhibited pH-dependent permeability. In the presence of HPβCD, at pH 5 (donor solution pH), both prodrugs exhibited six-fold higher permeability compared with THC. However, permeability of the prodrugs was about three-fold lower than that of THC at pH 7.4. RMβCD, at pH 7.4, led to a significant improvement in permeability. Formation of ion-pair complexes markedly improved the solubility and permeability of THC-HG (sevenfold and threefold greater permeability compared with THC and WIN, respectively) at pH 7.4. The in vitro results demonstrate that the use of an ion-pair complex of THC-HG could be an effective strategy for topical delivery of THC.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.