ArticleStem cells and development2012
Conversion of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells into tendon progenitor cells by ectopic expression of scleraxis.
Article in Stem cells and development, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 77 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
77 citing papers in PubMed, 139 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of glutaminase 1 inhibitor on rotator cuff derived cells: a preliminary report in 12 patients.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2025Article
- State-of the-art and future perspective in co-culture systems for tendon engineering.Biomaterials and biosystems · 2025Article
- Aspirin Inhibits the In Vitro Adipogenic Differentiation of Human Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells in a Dose-Dependent Manner.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Enthesitis on Chip - A Model for Studying Acute and Chronic Inflammation of the Enthesis and its Pharmacological Treatment.Advanced healthcare materials · 2024Article
- Recent Advances in the Use of Stem Cells in Tissue Engineering and Adjunct Therapies for Tendon Reconstruction and Future Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Microfluidically Aligned Collagen to Maintain the Phenotype of Tenocytes In Vitro.Advanced healthcare materials · 2024Article
- rAAV TGF-β and FGF-2 Overexpression via pNaSS-Grafted PCL Films Stimulates the Reparative Activities of Human ACL Fibroblasts.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Bio-Enhanced Neoligaments Graft Bearing FE002 Primary Progenitor Tenocytes: Allogeneic Tissue Engineering & Surgical Proofs-of-Concept for Hand Ligament Regenerative Medicine.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Directing iPSC differentiation into iTenocytes using combined scleraxis overexpression and cyclic loading.Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society · 2023Article
- Biological and Mechanical Factors and Epigenetic Regulation Involved in Tendon Healing.Stem cells international · 2023Review
- Stem Cell Applications and Tenogenic Differentiation Strategies for Tendon Repair.Stem cells international · 2023Review
- Advanced Gene Therapy Strategies for the Repair of ACL Injuries.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Article
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Sheets for Engineering of the Tendon-Bone Interface.Tissue engineering. Part A · 2022Article
- Comparison of Tendon Development Versus Tendon Healing and Regeneration.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Review
- 3D Biomimetic Scaffold for Growth Factor Controlled Delivery: An In-Vitro Study of Tenogenic Events on Wharton's Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells.Pharmaceutics · 2021Article
- Bringing tendon biology to heel: Leveraging mechanisms of tendon development, healing, and regeneration to advance therapeutic strategies.Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists · 2021Review
- Scleraxis-lineage cell depletion improves tendon healing and disrupts adult tendon homeostasis.eLife · 2021Article
- Stem Cells for the Regeneration of Tendon and Ligament: A Perspective.International journal of stem cells · 2020Review
- In Vitro Innovation of Tendon Tissue Engineering Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Tendons and ligaments (T/L) are dense connective tissues of mesodermal origin. During embryonic development, the tendon-specific cells descend from a sub-set of mesenchymal progenitors condensed in the syndetome, a dorsolateral domain of the sclerotome. These cells are defined by the expression of the transcription factor scleraxis (Scx), which regulates tendon formation and several other characteristic genes, such as collagen type I, decorin, fibromodulin, and tenomodulin (Tnmd). In contrast to other mesenchymal progenitors, the genealogy and biology of the tenogenic lineage is not yet fully understood due to the lack of simple and efficient protocols enabling generation of progenitors in vitro. Here, we investigated whether the expression of Scx can lead to the direct commitment of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into tendon progenitors. First, MSC derived from human bone marrow (hMSC) were lentivirally transduced with FLAG-Scx cDNA to establish 2 clonal cell lines, hMSC-Scx and hMSC-Mock. Subsequent to Scx transduction, hMSC underwent cell morphology change and had significantly reduced proliferation and clonogenicity. Gene expression analysis demonstrated that collagen type I and several T/L-related proteoglycans were upregulated in hMSC-Scx cells. When stimulated toward 3 different mesenchymal lineages, hMSC-Scx cells failed to differentiate into chondrocytes and osteoblasts, whereas adipogenic differentiation still occurred. Lastly, we detected a remarkable upregulation of the T/L differentiation gene Tnmd in hMSC-Scx. From these results, we conclude that Scx delivery results in the direct programming of hMSC into tendon progenitors and that the newly generated hMSC-Scx cell line can be a powerful and useful tool in T/L research.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.