ArticleWorld journal of gastroenterology2011
Ketamine and midazolam sedation for pediatric gastrointestinal endoscopy in the Arab world.
Article in World journal of gastroenterology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of intravenous thiamylal in sedation for colonoscopy in children.DEN open · 2025Article
- The Effect of Preoperative Combined with Intravenous Lidocaine and Ketamine vs. Intravenous Ketamine on Pediatric Patients Undergoing Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.Anesthesiology and pain medicine · 2023Article
- Comparison of ketamine-propofol mixture (ketofol) and midazolam-meperidine in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancretography (ERCP) for oldest old patients.Therapeutics and clinical risk management · 2019Article
- The Efficacy and Safety of Procedural Sedoanalgesia with Midazolam and Ketamine in Pediatric Hematology.Turkish journal of haematology : official journal of Turkish Society of Haematology · 2015Article
- Efficacy and Safety of Low Dose Ketamine and Midazolam Combination for Diagnostic Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy in Children.Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition · 2015Article
- Review on sedation for gastrointestinal tract endoscopy in children by non-anesthesiologists.World journal of gastrointestinal endoscopy · 2015Article
- Propofol alternatives in gastrointestinal endoscopy anesthesia.Saudi journal of anaesthesia · 2014Review
- Paediatric multi-detector row chest CT: what you really need to know.Insights into imaging · 2012Article
- Spinal anesthesia plus ketamine-midazolam sedation for pediatric orthopedic surgery in a developing country.HSR proceedings in intensive care & cardiovascular anesthesia · 2012Article
- Procedural moderate sedation with ketamine in pediatric critical care unit.Avicenna journal of medicineArticle
- Spinal anesthesia in infants and children: A one year prospective audit.Anesthesia, essays and researchesArticle
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimTo evaluate the safety and effectiveness of intravenous ketamine-midazolam sedation during pediatric endoscopy in the Arab world.
methodsA retrospective cohort study of all pediatric endoscopic procedures performed between 2002-2008 at the shared endoscopy suite of King Abdullah University Hospital, Jordan University of Science & Technology, Jordan was conducted. All children were > 1 year old and weighed > 10 kg with American Society of Anesthesiologists class 1 or 2. Analysis was performed in terms of sedation-related complications (desaturation, respiratory distress, apnea, bradycardia, cardiac arrest, emergence reactions), adequacy of sedation, need for sedation reversal, or failure to complete the procedure.
resultsA total of 301 patients (including 160 males) with a mean age of 9.26 years (range, 1-18 years) were included. All were premedicated with atropine; and 79.4% (239/301) had effective and uneventful sedation. And 248 (82.4%) of the 301 patients received a mean dose of 0.16 mg/kg (range, 0.07-0.39) midazolam and 1.06 mg/kg (range, 0.31-2.67) ketamine, respectively within the recommended dosage guidelines. Recommended maximum midazolam dose was exceeded in 17.6% patients [34 female (F):19 male (M), P = 0.003] and ketamine in 2.7% (3 M:5 F). Maximum midazolam dose was more likely to be exceeded than ketamine (P < 0.001). Desaturation occurred in 37 (12.3%) patients, and was reversible by supplemental oxygen in all except 4 who continue to have desaturation despite supplemental oxygen. Four (1.3%) patients had respiratory distress and 6 (2%) were difficult to sedate and required a 3rd sedative; 12 (4%) required reversal and 7 (2.3%) failed to complete the procedure. None developed apnea, bradycardia, arrest, or emergence reactions.
conclusionKetamine-midazolam sedation appears safe and effective for diagnostic pediatric gastrointestinal endoscopy in the Arab world for children aged > 1 year and weighing > 10 kg without co-morbidities.
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