Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21987192›Full record

ArticleArchives of internal medicine2011

Dietary supplements and mortality rate in older women: the Iowa Women's Health Study.

Jaakko Mursu, Kim Robien, Lisa J Harnack, Kyong Park, David R Jacobs

Abstract readComparative Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Archives of internal medicine, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 114 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
114citing papers in PubMed, 7 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

114 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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54 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Jaakko MursuDepartment of Health Sciences, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Kuopio, Finland. jaakko.mursu@uef.fi
Kim Robien
Lisa J Harnack
Kyong Park
David R Jacobs

Funding

EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CANCER IN A COHORT OF OLDER WOMENR01CA039742 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA TWIN CITIES · PI LAZOVICH, DEANN · 1985 to 2014
$8.0M
NCI NIH HHS R01 CA039742NCI NIH HHS R01CA39742
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAlthough dietary supplements are commonly taken to prevent chronic disease, the long-term health consequences of many compounds are unknown.

methodsWe assessed the use of vitamin and mineral supplements in relation to total mortality in 38,772 older women in the Iowa Women's Health Study; mean age was 61.6 years at baseline in 1986. Supplement use was self-reported in 1986, 1997, and 2004. Through December 31, 2008, a total of 15,594 deaths (40.2%) were identified through the State Health Registry of Iowa and the National Death Index.

resultsIn multivariable adjusted proportional hazards regression models, the use of multivitamins (hazard ratio, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.02-1.10; absolute risk increase, 2.4%), vitamin B(6) (1.10; 1.01-1.21; 4.1%), folic acid (1.15; 1.00-1.32; 5.9%), iron (1.10; 1.03-1.17; 3.9%), magnesium (1.08; 1.01-1.15; 3.6%), zinc (1.08; 1.01-1.15; 3.0%), and copper (1.45; 1.20-1.75; 18.0%) were associated with increased risk of total mortality when compared with corresponding nonuse. Use of calcium was inversely related (hazard ratio, 0.91; 95% confidence interval, 0.88-0.94; absolute risk reduction, 3.8%). Findings for iron and calcium were replicated in separate, shorter-term analyses (10-year, 6-year, and 4-year follow-up), each with approximately 15% of the original participants having died, starting in 1986, 1997, and 2004.

conclusionsIn older women, several commonly used dietary vitamin and mineral supplements may be associated with increased total mortality risk; this association is strongest with supplemental iron. In contrast to the findings of many studies, calcium is associated with decreased risk.

Indexed as

Dietary SupplementsWomen's HealthAgedChronic DiseaseFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansIowaMaleMiddle AgedMortalityRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsSurvival Rate

Identifiers

PMID21987192
PMCPMC4114071

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.