ReviewEuropean journal of pediatrics2012
Social-economic factors and irrational antibiotic use as reasons for antibiotic resistance of bacteria causing common childhood infections in primary healthcare.
Review in European journal of pediatrics, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A Systematic Review on Evaluation of WHO Core Prescribing Indicators Across Healthcare Facilities in Low Resource Asian Setting: A Case of Nepal.Inquiry : a journal of medical care organization, provision and financingPooled it
- The influence of antibiotic prophylaxis on bacterial resistance in urinary tract infections in children with spina bifida.BMC infectious diseases · 2017Trial
- Trial
- Public understanding and misuse of antibiotics in China: insights from a comprehensive national survey.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2025Article
- Characterization of children's prospective prescription review and exploration of factors influencing the success of interventions.Therapeutic advances in drug safety · 2025Article
- Non-typhoidal Salmonella contributes to gastrointestinal infections in Morogoro: Evidence from patients attending Morogoro regional referral hospital in Tanzania.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Hospital Pharmacists' Viewpoint on Quality Use of Antibiotics and Resistance: A Qualitative Exploration from a Tertiary Care Hospital of Quetta City, Pakistan.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Implementation research to increase treatment coverage of possible serious bacterial infections in young infants when a referral is not feasible: lessons learnt.Journal of public health (Oxford, England) · 2023Article
- Pre-hospital exposures to antibiotics among children presenting with fever in northern Uganda: a facility-based cross-sectional study.BMC pediatrics · 2022Article
- The impact of constant antibiotic prophylaxis in children affected by spinal dysraphism performing clean intermittent catheterization: a 2-year monocentric retrospective analysis.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2022Article
- Pattern of Antibiotic Dispensing at Pharmacies According to the WHO Access, Watch, Reserve (AWaRe) Classification in Bangladesh.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Disparity in socio-economic status explains the pattern of self-medication of antibiotics in India: understanding from game-theoretic perspective.Royal Society open science · 2022Article
- National Antibiotics Utilization Trends for Human Use in Tanzania from 2010 to 2016 Inferred from Tanzania Medicines and Medical Devices Authority Importation Data.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Observational
- Strategic Moves of "Superbugs" Against Available Chemical Scaffolds: Signaling, Regulation, and Challenges.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2020Review
- Socioeconomic factors associated with antimicrobial resistance ofRevista panamericana de salud publica = Pan American journal of public health · 2020Article
- The Role of Two Human Milk Oligosaccharides, 2'-Fucosyllactose and Lacto-N-Neotetraose, in Infant Nutrition.Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition · 2019Review
- Chlorinated metronidazole as a promising alternative for treating trichomoniasis.Parasitology research · 2018Article
- Irrational use of antibiotics in the Moshi Municipality Northern Tanzania: a cross sectional study.The Pan African medical journal · 2018Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The most prevalent childhood bacterial infections in primary healthcare are respiratory, gastrointestinal and urogenital infections. The main aim of this paper was to consider factors (socio-economic factors and irrational antibiotic use) that contribute to the development of bacterial resistance, as well as measures that resulted in a reduction of this problem. Computerized search through the Medline of published articles on antibiotic resistance from 1996 to 2011 in English or Serbian was completed in August 2011. Combinations of used terms were antimicrobial/antibacterial/antibiotic and resistance/susceptibility in pediatric/children, and Streptococcus pneumoniae/Streptococci/Haemophilus influenzae/Salmonellae/Escherichia coli/Shigella/Staphylococcus aureus as well as antibiotics/antimicrobials/antibacterials and consumption/utilization/use. In many developing countries, antibiotic dispensing and its use in medicine, cattle breeding and agriculture are inadequately regulated, or existing laws are not being appropriately implemented. In addition, human travel contributes to antimicrobial drug resistance around the world. All of these factors have led to a very high level of bacterial resistance. On the contrary, in countries with a clearly defined and implemented legal framework concerning antibiotic prescribing, dispensing and utilization, the use of antibiotics is under constant surveillance. That resulted in a significantly lower antibacterial resistance. In conclusion, bacterial resistance could be reduced by the implementation of systemic and long-term measures at a country level as well as at all levels of healthcare. In order to reduce bacterial resistance, antibiotic use needs to be precisely regulated, and regulations should be coherent with practice. The international community must have a more active role in solving this global problem.
Indexed as
Identifiers
21987082What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.