Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21986336›Full record

ReviewNeonatology2011

Intermittent hypoxic episodes in preterm infants: do they matter?

Richard J Martin, Katherine Wang, Ozge Köroğlu, Juliann Di Fiore, Prabha Kc

3 registry-linked trialsOpen access · bronzeAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Neonatology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 129 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
129citing papers in PubMed, 7 pooled it
10.7field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT03414671 completednot on this mapstarted 2018, after this paper: background citation

The Effect of Standardizing the Definition and Approach to a Clinically Significant Cardiopulmonary Event in Infants Less Than 30 Weeks on Length of Stay

TypeobservationalSponsorPediatrixRan2018 to 2021Enrolled160ConditionsApnea of Prematurity
NCT04223258 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2020, after this paper: background citation

Automatic Oxygen Control for Reducing Extremes of Oxygen Saturation (AreOS): A Randomised Control Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorSouth Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustRan2020 to 2022Enrolled44ConditionsPrematurityArmsAutomatic Oxygen control, Manual Oxygen Control
NCT04687618 naunknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2021, after this paper: background citation

A Randomized Control Trial of Oxygen Assist Module in Preterm Infants on High Flow Nasal Cannula Support (ROAM)

TypeinterventionalSponsorSouth Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustRan2021 to 2023Enrolled60ConditionsPreterm BirthArmsHigh Flow Nasal Cannula withAutomatic control of FiO2 using OAM, High Flow Nasal Cannula with manual control of FiO2
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

129 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 244 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Indications and timings for caffeine initiation in preterm infants.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025
    Pooled it
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  4. Strategies for cessation of caffeine administration in preterm infants.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024
    Pooled it
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  8. Trial
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  17. Article
  18. Titrating cumulative neonatal hyperoxia in mice to model bronchopulmonary dysplasia severities.American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology · 2026
    Article
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  20. Article

69 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Richard J MartinDivision of Neonatology, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-6010, USA. rxm6@case.edu
Katherine Wang
Ozge Köroğlu
Juliann Di Fiore
Prabha Kc
Case Western Reserve University · US

Funding

Role of the PVN in Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia-Induced Cardiorespiratory ChangesR00HL087620 · NHLBI · CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY · PI KC, PRABHA · 2010 to 2012
$747k
Cytokines and Neonatal Respiratory ControlR21HL098628 · NHLBI · CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY · PI MARTIN, RICHARD JOHN · 2010 to 2011
$432k
Role of the PVN in Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia-Induced Cardiorespiratory ChangesK99HL087620 · NHLBI · CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY · PI KC, PRABHA · 2008 to 2009
$192k
NHLBI NIH HHS HL 87620NHLBI NIH HHS HL 98628NHLBI NIH HHS K99 HL087620NHLBI NIH HHS R00 HL087620NHLBI NIH HHS R21 HL098628
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Intermittent hypoxic episodes are typically a consequence of immature respiratory control and remain a troublesome challenge for the neonatologist. Furthermore, their frequency and magnitude are underestimated by clinically employed pulse oximeter settings. In extremely low birth weight infants the incidence of intermittent hypoxia progressively increases over the first 4 weeks of postnatal life, with a subsequent plateau followed by a slow decline beginning at weeks 6-8. Such episodic hypoxia/reoxygenation has the potential to sustain a proinflammatory cascade with resultant multisystem morbidity. This morbidity includes retinopathy of prematurity and impaired growth, as well as possible longer-term cardiorespiratory instability and poor neurodevelopmental outcome. Therapeutic approaches for intermittent hypoxic episodes comprise determination of optimal baseline saturation and careful titration of supplemental inspired oxygen, as well as xanthine therapy to prevent apnea of prematurity. In conclusion, characterization of the pathophysiologic basis for such intermittent hypoxic episodes and their consequences during early life is necessary to provide an evidence-based approach to their management.

Indexed as

HumansHypoxiaInfant, NewbornInfant, PrematureInfant, Premature, DiseasesInfant, Very Low Birth WeightOximetryOxygenOxygen

Identifiers

PMID21986336
PMCPMC3252018
OpenAlexW2058460698

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.