ArticleRespiratory research2011
Conditional deletion of epithelial IKKβ impairs alveolar formation through apoptosis and decreased VEGF expression during early mouse lung morphogenesis.
Article in Respiratory research, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of early VEGF trajectories with bronchopulmonary dysplasia severity in preterm infants.Scientific reports · 2025Observational
- The lung microvasculature promotes alveolar type 2 cell differentiation via secreted SPARCL1.Stem cell reports · 2025Article
- Prevention of Inflammatory Disorders in the Preterm Neonate: An Update with a Special Focus on Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia.Neonatology · 2024Review
- Article
- Perinatal origins of bronchopulmonary dysplasia-deciphering normal and impaired lung development cell by cell.Molecular and cellular pediatrics · 2023Review
- Defining the role of pulmonary endothelial cell heterogeneity in the response to acute lung injury.eLife · 2020Article
- Thiol-Redox Regulation in Lung Development and Vascular Remodeling.Antioxidants & redox signaling · 2019Review
- IKKβ targeting reduces KRAS-induced lung cancer angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo: A potential anti-angiogenic therapeutic target.Lung cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2019Article
- Developmentally Regulated Innate Immune NFκB Signaling Mediates IL-1α Expression in the Perinatal Murine Lung.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Article
- Oxidative stress diseases unique to the perinatal period: A window into the developing innate immune response.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2018Review
- Understanding the Impact of Infection, Inflammation, and Their Persistence in the Pathogenesis of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia.Frontiers in medicine · 2015Review
- Sustained hyperoxia-induced NF-κB activation improves survival and preserves lung development in neonatal mice.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2014Article
- Nuclear factor-kappa-B signaling in lung development and disease: one pathway, numerous functions.Birth defects research. Part A, Clinical and molecular teratology · 2014Review
- Postnatal inflammation in the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia.Birth defects research. Part A, Clinical and molecular teratology · 2014Review
- Caffeine induces alveolar apoptosis in the hyperoxia-exposed developing mouse lung.Pediatric research · 2014Article
- Gestational exposure of mice to secondhand cigarette smoke causes bronchopulmonary dysplasia blocked by the nicotinic receptor antagonist mecamylamine.Environmental health perspectives · 2013Article
- Retinoic acid rescues alveolar hypoplasia in the calorie-restricted developing rat lung.American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAlveolar septation marks the beginning of the transition from the saccular to alveolar stage of lung development. Inflammation can disrupt this process and permanently impair alveolar formation resulting in alveolar hypoplasia as seen in bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm newborns. NF-κB is a transcription factor central to multiple inflammatory and developmental pathways including dorsal-ventral patterning in fruit flies; limb, mammary and submandibular gland development in mice; and branching morphogenesis in chick lungs. We have previously shown that epithelial overexpression of NF-κB accelerates lung maturity using transgenic mice. The purpose of this study was to test our hypothesis that targeted deletion of NF-κB signaling in lung epithelium would impair alveolar formation.
methodsWe generated double transgenic mice with lung epithelium-specific deletion of IKKβ, a known activating kinase upstream of NF-κB, using a cre-loxP transgenic recombination strategy. Lungs of resulting progeny were analyzed at embryonic and early postnatal stages to determine specific effects on lung histology, and mRNA and protein expression of relevant lung morphoreulatory genes. Lastly, results measuring expression of the angiogenic factor, VEGF, were confirmed in vitro using a siRNA-knockdown strategy in cultured mouse lung epithelial cells.
resultsOur results showed that IKKβ deletion in the lung epithelium transiently decreased alveolar type I and type II cells and myofibroblasts and delayed alveolar formation. These effects were mediated through increased alveolar type II cell apoptosis and decreased epithelial VEGF expression.
conclusionsThese results suggest that epithelial NF-κB plays a critical role in early alveolar development possibly through regulation of VEGF.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.