ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2011
Breast milk HIV-1 RNA levels and female sex are associated with HIV-1-specific CD8+ T-cell responses in HIV-1-exposed, uninfected infants in Kenya.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Repeated Vaginal SHIV Challenges in Macaques Receiving Oral or Topical Preexposure Prophylaxis Induce Virus-Specific T-Cell Responses.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2015Article
- Maternal plasma and breastmilk viral loads are associated with HIV-1-specific cellular immune responses among HIV-1-exposed, uninfected infants in Kenya.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2015Article
- HIV-1-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assay responses in HIV-1-exposed uninfected partners in discordant relationships compared to those in low-risk controls.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAlthough evidence supports a relationship between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 exposure and HIV-1-specific CD8(+) T cell responses, studies have not demonstrated a direct association between the quantity of HIV-1 to which a person is exposed and the presence or absence of a response.
methodsFrom 1999 to 2005, maternal HIV-1 RNA levels were measured in blood, cervical secretions, and breast milk at delivery and 1 month after delivery. HIV-1-specific interferon (IFN)-γ Elispot assays were conducted to determine infant CD8(+) T-cell responses at 3 months of age.
resultsAmong 161 infants tested with Elispot assays, 23 (14%) had positive results. Mothers whose infants had a positive assay had higher breast milk HIV-1 RNA levels at month 1 compared with mothers whose infants had negative Elispot assays (3.1 vs 2.5 log(10) copies/mL; P = .017). Female infants were also more likely to have positive Elispot assays than male infants (P = .046), and in multivariate analyses, both female sex and high breast milk HIV-1 levels remained important predictors of a positive response (P = .022 and P = .015, respectively).
conclusionsExposure to breast milk HIV-1 and sex were associated with development of HIV-1-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses in infants. These data support a role for mucosal exposure via the oral route in induction of systemic HIV-1-specific cellular immunity.
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