ArticleUrology2011
Interleukin-6: a potential biomarker of resistance to multitargeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors in castration-resistant prostate cancer.
Article in Urology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- IL-6/STAT3 signaling in prostate cancer: CAF-driven immune evasion and therapeutic opportunities.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Targeting NPC1 in Renal Cell Carcinoma.Cancers · 2024Article
- Article
- RNF25 promotes gefitinib resistance in EGFR-mutant NSCLC cells by inducing NF-κB-mediated ERK reactivation.Cell death & disease · 2018Article
- The convergent roles of NF-κB and ER stress in sunitinib-mediated expression of pro-tumorigenic cytokines and refractory phenotype in renal cell carcinoma.Cell death & disease · 2018Article
- A novel anticancer agent icaritin inhibited proinflammatory cytokines in TRAMP mice.International urology and nephrology · 2016Article
- Accumulation of Palmitoylcarnitine and Its Effect on Pro-Inflammatory Pathways and Calcium Influx in Prostate Cancer.The Prostate · 2016Article
- The Challenges of Modeling Drug Resistance to Antiangiogenic Therapy.Current drug targets · 2016Review
- Plumbagin Inhibits Prostate Carcinogenesis in Intact and Castrated PTEN Knockout Mice via Targeting PKCε, Stat3, and Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Markers.Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2015Article
- The Effect of Tumor Microenvironment on Autophagy and Sensitivity to Targeted Therapy in EGFR-Mutated Lung Adenocarcinoma.Journal of Cancer · 2015Article
- Exogenous norepinephrine attenuates the efficacy of sunitinib in a mouse cancer model.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2014Article
- Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists sensitize, and resensitize, prostate cancer cells to docetaxel in a p53-dependent manner.PloS one · 2014Article
- Activation of alternate prosurvival pathways accounts for acquired sunitinib resistance in U87MG glioma xenografts.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2012Article
- Chemical biology drug sensitivity screen identifies sunitinib as synergistic agent with disulfiram in prostate cancer cells.PloS one · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo determine if cellular interleukin-6 production predicts response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). As clinical experience using TKIs in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) matures, Phase II trials show a heterogeneous response to sunitinib in CRPC patients. Change in serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level has proven unreliable for prediction of CRPC response to TKIs. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a critical mediator of prostate cancer pathogenesis, has been shown to rise in patients with disease progression. As such, we investigated whether cellular IL-6 production can predict TKI response in both in vitro and in vivo models.
methodsIL-6 mRNA levels and protein expression were examined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Apoptosis was examined using the terminal dUTP nick-end labeling assay. For in vivo studies, a CRPC xenograft model in C.B17/Icr-scid mice was used.
resultsPC-3 and DU-145 CRPC cell lines exhibited a heterogeneous response to sunitinib and pazopanib. Dose-dependent reduction of IL-6 was observed in TKI-sensitive DU-145 cells. In contrast, the TKI-resistant PC-3 cells failed to suppress IL-6 secretion. Instead, in the presence of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL-6 rose significantly upon administration of TKIs. Findings of in vitro experiments were confirmed in an in vivo mouse model of CRPC.
conclusionSensitivity of CRPC cells to TKIs is heterogeneous. These findings are consistent with results of recently published Phase II clinical trials using sunitinib in patients with CRPC. A substantial rise in IL-6 occurs both in vitro and in vivo in the presence of TKIs in resistant PC-3 cells but not in TKI-sensitive DU-145 cells. These findings suggest that IL-6 may represent a biomarker for TKI resistance in patients with CRPC.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.