ReviewOphthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)2011
Can perceptual learning be used to treat amblyopia beyond the critical period of visual development?
Review in Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists), 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Analysis of patient adherence to emerging treatment tools for improving visual functions in amblyopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of optometryPooled it
- Alternative Flicker Glass: A New Anti-Suppression Approach to the Treatment of Anisometropic Amblyopia.Ophthalmic research · 2021Trial
- Fluoxetine does not enhance the effect of perceptual learning on visual function in adults with amblyopia.Scientific reports · 2018Trial
- Effects of Monocular Perceptual Learning on Eye-Specific Cortical Activity in Residual Anisometropic Amblyopia: Evidence From EEG Asymmetry.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Serious Games Integrating Perceptual Learning and Stereopsis Training in Children With Amblyopia: Single-Arm Pre-Post Feasibility Study.JMIR serious games · 2025Article
- Restoring Vision with Noninvasive Brain Stimulation: A Narrative Review.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2025Review
- Effectiveness of a Gamified Mobile App in Enhancing Treatment Adherence for Children With Amblyopia: Explorative Study.JMIR serious games · 2025Article
- The interplay between Hebbian and homeostatic plasticity in the adult visual cortex.The Journal of physiology · 2025Article
- Harnessing brain plasticity to improve binocular vision in amblyopia: An evidence-based update.European journal of ophthalmology · 2024Review
- Effects of Perceptual Learning on Deprivation Amblyopia in Children with Limbal Dermoid: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Exogenous attention generalizes location transfer of perceptual learning in adults with amblyopia.iScience · 2022Article
- Efficacy of vision therapy for unilateral refractive amblyopia in children aged 7-10 years.BMC ophthalmology · 2022Article
- Linking Multi-Modal MRI to Clinical Measures of Visual Field Loss After Stroke.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2021Article
- Vision training with VEP biofeedback in amblyopia after the critical period.Documenta ophthalmologica. Advances in ophthalmology · 2020Article
- The Effect of Perceptual Learning on Face Recognition in Individuals with Central Vision Loss.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2020Article
- The Potential of Virtual Reality for Inducing Neuroplasticity in Children with Amblyopia.Journal of ophthalmology · 2020Review
- Contrast and spatial frequency modulation for diagnosis of amblyopia: An electrophysiological approach.Journal of current ophthalmology · 2019Article
- Refractive adaptation and efficacy of occlusion therapy in untreated amblyopic patients aged 12 to 40 years.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2019Article
- A new counterintuitive training for adult amblyopia.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2019Article
- Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors may lead to improved cataract surgery outcomes in patients with amblyopia.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAmblyopia presents early in childhood and affects approximately 3% of western populations. The monocular visual acuity loss is conventionally treated during the 'critical periods' of visual development by occluding or penalising the fellow eye to encourage use of the amblyopic eye. Despite the measurable success of this approach in many children, substantial numbers of people still suffer with amblyopia later in life because either they were never diagnosed in childhood, did not respond to the original treatment, the amblyopia was only partially remediated, or their acuity loss returned after cessation of treatment. PURPOSE: In this review, we consider whether the visual deficits of this largely overlooked amblyopic group are amenable to conventional and innovative therapeutic interventions later in life, well beyond the age at which treatment is thought to be effective. RECENT
findingsThere is a considerable body of evidence that residual plasticity is present in the adult visual brain and this can be harnessed to improve function in adults with amblyopia. Perceptual training protocols have been developed to optimise visual gains in this clinical population. Results thus far are extremely encouraging; marked visual improvements have been demonstrated, the perceptual benefits transfer to new visual tasks and appear to be relatively enduring. The essential ingredients of perceptual training protocols are being incorporated into video game formats, facilitating home-based interventions. SUMMARY: Many studies support perceptual training as a tool for improving vision in amblyopes beyond the critical period. Should this novel form of treatment stand up to the scrutiny of a randomised controlled trial, clinicians may need to re-evaluate their therapeutic approach to adults with amblyopia.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.