ArticlePloS one2011
Identification of Trypanosoma brucei RMI1/BLAP75 homologue and its roles in antigenic variation.
Article in PloS one, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Unwrap RAP1's Mystery at Kinetoplastid Telomeres.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Article
- An Update on African Trypanocide Pharmaceutics and Resistance.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2022Review
- Regulation of Antigenic Variation byPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- The MRN complex promotes DNA repair by homologous recombination and restrains antigenic variation in African trypanosomes.Nucleic acids research · 2021Article
- May the Odds Be Ever in Your Favor: Non-deterministic Mechanisms Diversifying Cell Surface Molecule Expression.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Review
- Keeping Balance Between Genetic Stability and Plasticity at the Telomere and Subtelomere ofFrontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Review
- Telomere and Subtelomere R-loops and Antigenic Variation in Trypanosomes.Journal of molecular biology · 2020Review
- Trypanosoma brucei ATR Links DNA Damage Signaling during Antigenic Variation with Regulation of RNA Polymerase I-Transcribed Surface Antigens.Cell reports · 2020Article
- Escaping the immune system by DNA repair and recombination in African trypanosomes.Open biology · 2019Review
- Evaluation of mechanisms that may generate DNA lesions triggering antigenic variation in African trypanosomes.PLoS pathogens · 2018Review
- Telomerase activity is required for the telomere G-overhang structure in Trypanosoma brucei.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Trypanosoma brucei RAP1 maintains telomere and subtelomere integrity by suppressing TERRA and telomeric RNA:DNA hybrids.Nucleic acids research · 2017Article
- Does DNA replication direct locus-specific recombination during host immune evasion by antigenic variation in the African trypanosome?Current genetics · 2017Review
- Article
- Epigenetic Regulation of Virulence Gene Expression in Parasitic Protozoa.Cell host & microbe · 2016Review
- Trypanosoma brucei TIF2 and TRF Suppress VSG Switching Using Overlapping and Independent Mechanisms.PloS one · 2016Article
- DNA double-strand breaks and telomeres play important roles in trypanosoma brucei antigenic variation.Eukaryotic cell · 2015Review
- Suppression of subtelomeric VSG switching by Trypanosoma brucei TRF requires its TTAGGG repeat-binding activity.Nucleic acids research · 2014Article
- Trypanosoma brucei TIF2 suppresses VSG switching by maintaining subtelomere integrity.Cell research · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
At any time, each cell of the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei expresses a single species of its major antigenic protein, the variant surface glycoprotein (VSG), from a repertoire of >2,000 VSG genes and pseudogenes. The potential to express different VSGs by transcription and recombination allows the parasite to escape the antibody-mediated host immune response, a mechanism known as antigenic variation. The active VSG is transcribed from a sub-telomeric polycistronic unit called the expression site (ES), whose promoter is 40-60 kb upstream of the VSG. While the mechanisms that initiate recombination remain unclear, the resolution phase of these reactions results in the recombinational replacement of the expressed VSG with a donor from one of three distinct chromosomal locations; sub-telomeric loci on the 11 essential chromosomes, on minichromosomes, or at telomere-distal loci. Depending on the type of recombinational replacement (single or double crossover, duplicative gene conversion, etc), several DNA-repair pathways have been thought to play a role. Here we show that VSG recombination relies on at least two distinct DNA-repair pathways, one of which requires RMI1-TOPO3α to suppress recombination and one that is dependent on RAD51 and RMI1. These genetic interactions suggest that both RAD51-dependent and RAD51-independent recombination pathways operate in antigenic switching and that trypanosomes differentially utilize recombination factors for VSG switching, depending on currently unknown parameters within the ES.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.