ArticleEnvironmental health : a global access science source2011
Perfluorinated compounds are related to breast cancer risk in Greenlandic Inuit: a case control study.
Article in Environmental health : a global access science source, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 82 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
82 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 209 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Relationship Between Climate Change and Breast Cancer and Its Management and Preventative Implications in South Africa.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Pooled it
- Per- And Poly-Fluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Exposure and Risk of Breast, and Female Genital Cancers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.La Medicina del lavoro · 2024Pooled it
- Breast cancer and persistent organic pollutants (excluding DDT): a systematic literature review.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2016Pooled it
- Environmental Polychlorinated Biphenyl Exposure and Breast Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.PloS one · 2015Pooled it
- Assessing the social and physical determinants of circumpolar population health.International journal of circumpolar health · 2013Pooled it
- AOP-Based Analysis of Curated Transcriptomic Data Reveals a Context-Dependent Core Mechanism of PFAS-Induced Liver Steatosis.Environmental science & technology · 2026Article
- PFAS is associated with perineural invasion in triple-negative breast cancer with a potential role for Cathepsin D dysregulation: a multi-omics and experimental study.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2026Article
- Evaluating Legacy and Emerging PFAS in Human Blood Collected from 2003 to 2021.Environmental science & technology · 2026Article
- Review
- Association of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances with Pan-Cancers Associated with Sex Hormones.Toxics · 2025Article
- Analyzing the potential targets and mechanism of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) on breast cancer by integrating network toxicology, single-cell sequencing, spatial transcriptomics, and molecular simulation.Functional & integrative genomics · 2025Article
- In vivo gamete toxicology in the context of in vitro fertilization: a narrative review.F&S reviews · 2025Article
- An analytical screening platform to differentiate acute and prolonged exposures of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances on invasive cellular phenotypes.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2025Article
- Structure-specific variation in per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances toxicity among genetically diverse Caenorhabditis elegans strains.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2025Article
- Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) and Related Compounds Induce Nuclear Receptor 4A1 (NR4A1)-Dependent Carcinogenesis.Chemical research in toxicology · 2025Article
- Plasma perfluoroalkyl substances and breast cancer risk in Brazilian women: a case-control study.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2025Article
- Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances and Cancer risk: results from a dose-response Meta-analysis.Journal of environmental health science & engineering · 2024Article
- A toxicogenomics-based identification of potential mechanisms and signaling pathways involved in PFCs-induced cancer in human.Toxicology research · 2024Review
- Review
- Involvement of per- and polyfluoroalkyl compounds in tumor development.Archives of toxicology · 2024Review
22 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBreast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer for women in the western world. From very few cases an extraordinary increase in BC was observed in the Inuit population of Greenland and Canada although still lower than in western populations. Previous data suggest that exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) might contribute to the risk of BC. Rat studies showed that perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) cause significantly increase in mammary fibroadenomas. This study aimed at evaluating the association between serum levels of POPs/PFCs in Greenlandic Inuit BC cases and their controls, and whether the combined POP related effect on nuclear hormone receptors affect BC risk.
methodsThirty-one BC cases and 115 controls were sampled during 2000-2003 from various Greenlandic districts. The serum levels of POPs, PFCs, some metals and the combined serum POP related effect on estrogen- (ER), androgen- (AR) and Ah-receptor (AhR) transactivity were determined. Independent student t-test was used to compare the differences and the odds ratios were estimated by unconditional logistic regression models.
resultsWe observed for the very first time a significant association between serum PFC levels and the risk of BC. The BC cases also showed a significantly higher concentration of polychlorinated biphenyls at the highest quartile. Also for the combined serum POP induced agonistic AR transactivity significant association to BC risk was found, and cases elicited a higher frequency of samples with significant POP related hormone-like agonistic ER transactivity. The AhR toxic equivalent was lowest in cases.
conclusionsThe level of serum POPs, particularly PFCs, might be risk factors in the development of BC in Inuit. Hormone disruption by the combined serum POP related xenoestrogenic and xenoandrogenic activities may contribute to the risk of developing breast cancer in Inuit. Further investigations are needed to document these study conclusions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.