ArticleHeart international2010
Framingham risk prediction equations for incidence of cardiovascular disease using detailed measures for smoking.
Article in Heart international, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Differential Assessment of the Global Tobacco Index and Smoking Intensity and Duration on Blood Pressure in Peruvian Adults.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Impaired Endothelial Glycocalyx Predicts Adverse Outcome in Subjects Without Overt Cardiovascular Disease: a 6-Year Follow-up Study.Journal of cardiovascular translational research · 2022Article
- A cross country comparison for the burden of cardiovascular disease attributable to tobacco exposure in China, Japan, USA and world.BMC public health · 2020Article
- Article
- Effect of present versus previous smoking on non-invasive haemodynamics.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Smoking intensity (pack/day) is a better measure than pack-years or smoking status for modeling cardiovascular disease outcomes.Journal of clinical epidemiology · 2017Article
- Association of Family History With Cardiovascular Disease in Hypertensive Individuals in a Multiethnic Population.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2016Article
- Cardiovascular risk factors among industrial workers: a cross-sectional study from eastern Nepal.Journal of occupational medicine and toxicology (London, England) · 2016Article
- Prevalence of self-reported myocardial infarction in Sami and non-Sami populations: the SAMINOR study.International journal of circumpolar health · 2015Article
- Ethnic difference in the prevalence of angina pectoris in Sami and non-Sami populations: the SAMINOR study.International journal of circumpolar health · 2014Article
- Effects of smoking on non-AIDS-related morbidity in HIV-infected patients.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2013Review
- Age at quitting smoking as a predictor of risk of cardiovascular disease incidence independent of smoking status, time since quitting and pack-years.BMC research notes · 2011Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Current prediction models for risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence incorporate smoking as a dichotomous yes/no measure. However, the risk of CVD associated with smoking also varies with the intensity and duration of smoking and there is a strong association between time since quitting and the risk of disease onset. This study aims to develop improved risk prediction equations for CVD incidence incorporating intensity and duration of smoking and time since quitting.The risk of developing a first CVD event was evaluated using a Cox's model for participants in the Framingham offspring cohort who attended the fourth examination (1988-92) between the ages of 30 and 74 years and were free of CVD (n=3751). The full models based on the smoking variables and other risk factors, and reduced models based on the smoking variables and non-laboratory risk factors demonstrated good discrimination, calibration and global fit. The incorporation of both time since quitting among past smokers and pack-years among current smokers resulted in better predictive performance as compared to a dichotomous current/non-smoker measure and a current/quitter/never smoker measure. Compared to never smokers, the risk of CVD incidence increased with pack-years. Risk among those quitting more than five years prior to the baseline exam and within five years prior to the baseline exam were similar and twice as high as that of never smokers. A CVD risk equation incorporating the effects of pack-years and time since quitting provides an improved tool to quantify risk and guide preventive care.
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