ArticleJournal of virology2011
Genomic analysis of the vaccinia virus strain variants found in Dryvax vaccine.
Article in Journal of virology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 100 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Single-Cell Transcriptomic Changes in Patient-Derived Glioma and U87 Glioblastoma Cell Cultures Infected with the Oncolytic Virus VV-GMCSF-Lact.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Orthopoxvirus Genome Sequencing, Assembly, and Analysis.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Expression of an Efficient Selection Marker Out of a Duplicated Site in the ITRs of a Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara (MVA).Vaccines · 2024Article
- Exploring the transcriptomic profile of human monkeypox virus via CAGE and native RNA sequencing approaches.mSphere · 2024Article
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- Phylogenetic and Recombination Analysis of Clinical Vitreous Humor-Derived Adenovirus Isolates Reveals Discordance Between Serotype and Phylogeny.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Tracing the journey of poxviruses: insights from history.Archives of virology · 2024Review
- Whole genome sequencing of recombinant viruses obtained from co-infection and superinfection of Vero cells with modified vaccinia virus ankara vectored influenza vaccine and a naturally occurring cowpox virus.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Bioinformatic Approaches for Comparative Analysis of Viruses.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2024Article
- Vaccinia virus induces endoplasmic reticulum stress and activates unfolded protein responses through the ATF6α transcription factor.Virology journal · 2023Article
- Single Dose of Recombinant Chimeric Horsepox Virus (TNX-801) Vaccination Protects Macaques from Lethal Monkeypox Challenge.Viruses · 2023Article
- Genomic Characterization of the Historical Smallpox Vaccine Strain Wyeth Isolated from a 1971 Seed Vial.Viruses · 2022Article
- Monkeypox virus: The changing facets of a zoonotic pathogen.Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases · 2022Review
- Genomic Sequencing and Phylogenomics of Cowpox Virus.Viruses · 2022Article
- Evolutionary implications of human transmission of monkeypox: the importance of sequencing multiple lesions.The Lancet. Microbe · 2022Article
- Genetic ancestry and population structure of vaccinia virus.NPJ vaccines · 2022Article
- Poxvirus Recombination.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Smallpox was eradicated using variant forms of vaccinia virus-based vaccines. One of these was Dryvax, a calf lymph vaccine derived from the New York City Board of Health strain. We used genome-sequencing technology to examine the genetic diversity of the population of viruses present in a sample of Dryvax. These studies show that the conserved cores of these viruses exhibit a lower level of sequence variation than do the telomeres. However, even though the ends of orthopoxviruses are more genetically plastic than the cores, there are still many telomeric genes that are conserved as intact open reading frames in the 11 genomes that we, and 4 genomes that others, have sequenced. Most of these genes likely modulate inflammation. Our sequencing also detected an evolving pattern of mutation, with some genes being highly fragmented by randomly assorting mutations (e.g., M1L), while other genes are intact in most viruses but have been disrupted in individual strains (e.g., I4L in strain DPP17). Over 85% of insertion and deletion mutations are associated with repeats, and a rare new isolate bearing a large deletion in the right telomere was identified. All of these strains cluster in dendrograms consistent with their origin but which also surprisingly incorporate horsepox virus. However, these viruses also exhibit a "patchy" pattern of polymorphic sites characteristic of recombinants. There is more genetic diversity detected within a vial of Dryvax than between variola virus major and minor strains, and our study highlights how propagation methods affect the genetics of orthopoxvirus populations.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.