ArticleBiology of reproduction2012
Expression of structural proteins in human female and male genital epithelia and implications for sexually transmitted infections.
Article in Biology of reproduction, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparison of Follicular and Luteal Phase Mucosal Markers of HIV Susceptibility in Healthy Women.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2016Trial
- The Nugent score is an inappropriate diagnostic tool for neovaginal bacteria in transfeminine people.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- The Futility of Nugent Scoring as a Diagnostic Tool for Neovaginal Bacterial Dysbiosis in Transfeminine People.Research square · 2025Article
- Vaginal Transcriptional Signatures of the Neutrophil-Driven Immune Response Correlate With Clinical Severity During Recurrent Vulvovaginal Candidiasis.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2025Article
- Role of the epithelium in human papillomavirus and human immunodeficiency virus infections in the female genital tract.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2024Review
- Nonoptimal bacteria species induce neutrophil-driven inflammation and barrier disruption in the female genital tract.Mucosal immunology · 2023Article
- Article
- Exogenous sex steroids regulate genital epithelial barrier function in female rhesus macaques.Biology of reproduction · 2020Article
- HIV, progestins, genital epithelial barrier function, and the burden of objectivity†.Biology of reproduction · 2020Article
- Durable protection against repeated penile exposures to simian-human immunodeficiency virus by broadly neutralizing antibodies.Nature communications · 2020Article
- Barriers of Mucosal Entry of HIV/SIV.Current immunology reviews · 2019Article
- Medroxyprogesterone acetate and levonorgestrel increase genital mucosal permeability and enhance susceptibility to genital herpes simplex virus type 2 infection.Mucosal immunology · 2016Article
- Increased levels of inflammatory cytokines in the female reproductive tract are associated with altered expression of proteases, mucosal barrier proteins, and an influx of HIV-susceptible target cells.Mucosal immunology · 2016Article
- Article
- Modeling mucosal cell-associated HIV type 1 transmission in vitro.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2014Review
- Defining the interaction of HIV-1 with the mucosal barriers of the female reproductive tract.Journal of virology · 2013Article
- Using nonhuman primates to model HIV transmission.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2013Review
- Biology of mucosally transmitted sexual infection-translating the basic science into novel HIV intervention: a workshop summary.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2012Article
- Preclinical evaluation of the HIV-1 fusion inhibitor L'644 as a potential candidate microbicide.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2012Article
- No difference in keratin thickness between inner and outer foreskins from elective male circumcisions in Rakai, Uganda.PloS one · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Men and women differ in their susceptibility to sexually transmittable infections (STIs) such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, a paucity of published information regarding the tissue structure of the human genital tract has limited our understanding of these gender differences. We collected cervical, vaginal, and penile tissues from human adult donors. Tissues were prepared with hematoxylin and eosin stains or immunofluorescence labeling of epithelial cell proteins and were analyzed for structural characteristics. Rhesus macaque genital tissues were evaluated to assess the use of this model for HIV/simian immunodeficiency virus transmission events. We found the stratified squamous epithelia of the male and female genital tract shared many similarities and important distinctions. Expression of E-cadherins, desmogleins 1/2, and involucrin was seen in all squamous epithelia, though expression patterns were heterogeneous. Filaggrin and a true cornified layer were markedly absent in female tissues but were clearly seen in all male epithelia. Desmogleins 1/2 were more consistent in the outermost strata of female squamous genital epithelia. Macaque tissues were similar to their respective human tissues. These initial observations highlight how male and female genital epithelia resemble and differ from one another. Further information regarding tissue structural characteristics will help to understand how STIs traverse these barriers to cause infection. This knowledge will be essential in future HIV pathogenesis, transmission, and prevention studies.
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Registered trials
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