Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21969603›Full record

ArticleMolecular and cellular biology2011

Dynamic nucleosome-depleted regions at androgen receptor enhancers in the absence of ligand in prostate cancer cells.

Claudia Andreu-Vieyra, John Lai, Benjamin P Berman, Baruch Frenkel, Li Jia, Peter A Jones, Gerhard A Coetzee

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Molecular and cellular biology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
48citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
5.5field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

48 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 73 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Epigenetic Coregulation of Androgen Receptor Signaling.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2022
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. A medium-scale assay for enhancer validation in amniotes.Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists · 2015
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Claudia Andreu-VieyraDepartment of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA.
John Lai
Benjamin P Berman
Baruch Frenkel
Li Jia
Peter A Jones
Gerhard A Coetzee
University of Southern California · USWashington University in St. Louis · US

Funding

Prostate Cancer Risk EnhancersR01CA136924 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI COETZEE, GERHARD A, FARNHAM, PEGGY J · 2010 to 2019
$5.4M
DE NOVO DNA METHYLATION IN BLADDER CANCERR01CA083867 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI JONES, PETER A, LIANG, GANGNING · 2000 to 2014
$4.7M
VIRAL AND CHEMICAL CARCINOGENESIST32CA009320 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI JONES, PETER A · 1985 to 2012
$2.5M
Mechanisms of De Novo Methylation in CancerR37CA082422 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI JONES, PETER A · 2009 to 2013
$2.2M
AR and RUNX2 target genes in prostate cancerR01CA109147 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI COETZEE, GERHARD A · 2006 to 2010
$1.3M
NCI NIH HHS R01 CA083867NCI NIH HHS R01 CA 109147NCI NIH HHS R01 CA109147NCI NIH HHS R01 CA 136924NCI NIH HHS R01 CA136924NCI NIH HHS R37 CA082422NCI NIH HHS T32 CA009320
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Nucleosome positioning at transcription start sites is known to regulate gene expression by altering DNA accessibility to transcription factors; however, its role at enhancers is poorly understood. We investigated nucleosome positioning at the androgen receptor (AR) enhancers of TMPRSS2, KLK2, and KLK3/PSA in prostate cancer cells. Surprisingly, a population of enhancer modules in androgen-deprived cultures showed nucleosome-depleted regions (NDRs) in all three loci. Under androgen-deprived conditions, NDRs at the TMPRSS2 enhancer were maintained by the pioneer AR transcriptional collaborator GATA-2. Androgen treatment resulted in AR occupancy, an increased number of enhancer modules with NDRs without changes in footprint width, increased levels of histone H3 acetylation (AcH3), and dimethylation (H3K4me2) at nucleosomes flanking the NDRs. Our data suggest that, in the absence of ligand, AR enhancers exist in an equilibrium in which a percentage of modules are occupied by nucleosomes while others display NDRs. We propose that androgen treatment leads to the disruption of the equilibrium toward a nucleosome-depleted state, rather than to enhancer de novo "remodeling." This allows the recruitment of histone modifiers, chromatin remodelers, and ultimately gene activation. The "receptive" state described here could help explain AR signaling activation under very low ligand concentrations.

Indexed as

Enhancer Elements, GeneticAcetylationAcetyltransferasesAndrogensCell Line, TumorChromatin ImmunoprecipitationCpG IslandsDihydrotestosteroneGATA2 Transcription FactorGene ExpressionGene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticHistonesHumansLigandsMaleMethylationAcetyltransferasesAndrogensDihydrotestosteroneGATA2 protein, humanGATA2 Transcription FactorHistonesLigandsMethyltransferasesNucleosomesProstate-Specific AntigenReceptors, AndrogenSerine EndopeptidasesTissue KallikreinsTMPRSS2 protein, human

Identifiers

PMID21969603
PMCPMC3232925
OpenAlexW2129759388

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.