ReviewPsychological bulletin2011
Pain, nicotine, and smoking: research findings and mechanistic considerations.
Review in Psychological bulletin, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 208 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
208 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The impact of smoking on ventral and inguinal hernia repair: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Hernia : the journal of hernias and abdominal wall surgery · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Chronic cigarette smoking is linked with structural alterations in brain regions showing acute nicotinic drug-induced functional modulations.Behavioral and brain functions : BBF · 2016Pooled it
- Effects of experimental negative affect manipulations on ad libitum smoking: a meta-analysis.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2015Pooled it
- Acute analgesic effect of nicotine vaping using three experimental pain induction tasks: a randomized, placebo-controlled laboratory study.Psychopharmacology · 2025Trial
- Pain Interference and Intensity in Relation to Abstinence Outcomes Following a One-Session Personalized Feedback Smoking Cessation Digital-Intervention.Substance use & misuse · 2025Trial
- Factors associated with participation in a walking intervention for veterans who smoke and have chronic pain.Journal of behavioral medicine · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Increasing cessation motivation and treatment engagement among smokers in pain: A pilot randomized controlled trial.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2021Trial
- Identifying mechanisms that link pain to smoking relapse during a quit attempt.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2021Trial
- Pain characteristics and nicotine deprivation as predictors of performance during a laboratory paradigm of smoking cessation.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2020Trial
- Smokers with opioid use disorder may have worse drug use outcomes after varenicline than nicotine replacement.Journal of substance abuse treatment · 2019Trial
- Computer-based personalized feedback intervention for cigarette smoking and prescription analgesic misuse among persons living with HIV (PLWH).Behaviour research and therapy · 2019Trial
- A smoking cessation and pain management program for cancer survivors.Journal of cancer survivorship : research and practice · 2018Trial
- Effects of nicotine deprivation on current pain intensity among daily cigarette smokers.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2018Trial
- Nicotine deprivation increases pain intensity, neurogenic inflammation, and mechanical hyperalgesia among daily tobacco smokers.Journal of abnormal psychology · 2018Trial
- Pilot randomized controlled trial of a comprehensive smoking cessation intervention for patients with upper aerodigestive cancer undergoing radiotherapy.Head & neck · 2018Trial
- Smoking behavior and motivation to quit among chronic pain patients initiating multidisciplinary pain treatment: a prospective study.Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.) · 2014Trial
- Chronic Pain in Older Adults: Risk Factors and Prevention.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Patterns and changes in lifestyle habits of patients with rheumatoid arthritis during the first three years post-diagnosis.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
148 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Tobacco addiction and chronic pain represent 2 highly prevalent and comorbid conditions that engender substantial burdens upon individuals and systems. Interrelations between pain and smoking have been of clinical and empirical interest for decades, and research in this area has increased dramatically over the past 5 years. We conceptualize the interaction of pain and smoking as a prototypical example of the biopsychosocial model. Accordingly, we extrapolated from behavioral, cognitive, affective, biomedical, and social perspectives to propose causal mechanisms that may contribute to the observed comorbidity between these 2 conditions. The extant literature was 1st dichotomized into investigations of either effects of smoking on pain or effects of pain on smoking. We then integrated these findings to present a reciprocal model of pain and smoking that is hypothesized to interact in the manner of a positive feedback loop, resulting in greater pain and increased smoking. Finally, we proposed directions for future research and discussed clinical implications for smokers with comorbid pain disorders. We observed modest evidence that smoking may be a risk factor in the multifactorial etiology of some chronically painful conditions and that pain may come to serve as a potent motivator of smoking. We also found that whereas animal studies yielded consistent support for direct pain-inhibitory effects of nicotine and tobacco, results from human studies were much less consistent. Future research in the emerging area of pain and smoking has the potential to inform theoretical and clinical applications with respect to tobacco smoking, chronic pain, and their comorbid presentation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.