ArticlePLoS pathogens2011
Secretion of genome-free hepatitis B virus--single strand blocking model for virion morphogenesis of para-retrovirus.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 127 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
127 citing papers in PubMed, 193 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Negative cooperativity drives activity of capsid-directed antivirals against hepatitis B virus.Science advances · 2026Article
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- Cryo-EM structures of HBV capsids from human cells at near-atomic resolution.Structure (London, England : 1993) · 2026Article
- Hepatitis B Virus Nucleocapsid Assembly.Journal of molecular biology · 2025Review
- Performance Evaluation of a HBsAg-Specific Immunoadsorbent Based on a Humanized Anti-HBsAg Monoclonal Antibody.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- HBV capsid assembly modulators differentially modulate the assembly of wild-type and drug-resistant core protein chimeric nucleocapsids and empty capsids.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- The HBV variant CpF97L supports the secretion of pgRNA-containing virions at a level much greater than WT HBV.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- The HBV large envelope protein initiates virion assembly by recruiting capsids at membrane rich domains related to late endosome.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2025Article
- Discovery of bimodal hepatitis B virus ribonuclease H and capsid assembly inhibitors.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Hepatitis B virus entry, assembly, and egress.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2024Review
- NEDD4 family ubiquitin ligase AIP4 interacts with Alix to enable HBV naked capsid egress in an Alix ubiquitination-independent manner.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Mechanisms of Hepatitis B Virus cccDNA and Minichromosome Formation and HBV Gene Transcription.Viruses · 2024Review
- Significance of hepatitis B virus capsid dephosphorylation via polymerase.Journal of biomedical science · 2024Article
- Interconnection of cellular autophagy and endosomal vesicle trafficking and its role in hepatitis B virus replication and release.Virologica Sinica · 2024Review
- Catenulopyrizomicins, new anti-Hepatitis B virus compounds, from the rare actinomycete Catenuloplanes sp. MM782L-181F7.The Journal of antibiotics · 2024Article
- A computational spatial whole-Cell model for hepatitis B viral infection and drug interactions.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Review
- Canocapavir Is a Novel Capsid Assembly Modulator Inducing a Conformational Change of the Linker Region of HBV Core Protein.Viruses · 2023Article
- Article
67 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
As a para-retrovirus, hepatitis B virus (HBV) is an enveloped virus with a double-stranded (DS) DNA genome that is replicated by reverse transcription of an RNA intermediate, the pregenomic RNA or pgRNA. HBV assembly begins with the formation of an "immature" nucleocapsid (NC) incorporating pgRNA, which is converted via reverse transcription within the maturing NC to the DS DNA genome. Only the mature, DS DNA-containing NCs are enveloped and secreted as virions whereas immature NCs containing RNA or single-stranded (SS) DNA are not enveloped. The current model for selective virion morphogenesis postulates that accumulation of DS DNA within the NC induces a "maturation signal" that, in turn, triggers its envelopment and secretion. However, we have found, by careful quantification of viral DNA and NCs in HBV virions secreted in vitro and in vivo, that the vast majority of HBV virions (over 90%) contained no DNA at all, indicating that NCs with no genome were enveloped and secreted as empty virions (i.e., enveloped NCs with no DNA). Furthermore, viral mutants bearing mutations precluding any DNA synthesis secreted exclusively empty virions. Thus, viral DNA synthesis is not required for HBV virion morphogenesis. On the other hand, NCs containing RNA or SS DNA were excluded from virion formation. The secretion of DS DNA-containing as well as empty virions on one hand, and the lack of secretion of virions containing single-stranded (SS) DNA or RNA on the other, prompted us to propose an alternative, "Single Strand Blocking" model to explain selective HBV morphogenesis whereby SS nucleic acid within the NC negatively regulates NC envelopment, which is relieved upon second strand DNA synthesis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.