Trial reportSleep2011
Next-day effects of ramelteon (8 mg), zopiclone (7.5 mg), and placebo on highway driving performance, memory functioning, psychomotor performance, and mood in healthy adult subjects.
Trial report in Sleep, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00319215 (A Study to Investigate the Residual Effects of Ramelteon), which is not on this map. Cited by 44 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Study to Investigate the Residual Effects of Ramelteon (8 mg), Zopiclone (7.5 mg) and Placebo on Actual Driving, Memory, Psychomotor Performance and Mood
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 130 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Medication use and the risk of motor vehicle collisions among licensed drivers: A systematic review.Accident; analysis and prevention · 2016Pooled it
- Pharmacotherapy Treatment Options for Insomnia: A Primer for Clinicians.International journal of molecular sciences · 2015Guideline
- A systematic review of amnestic and non-amnestic mild cognitive impairment induced by anticholinergic, antihistamine, GABAergic and opioid drugs.Drugs & aging · 2012Pooled it
- The Effects of Elinzanetant on Simulated Driving Performance in Healthy Women: A Randomized Phase I Study.Clinical and translational science · 2025Trial
- Effects of zuranolone on next-day simulated driving in healthy adults.Psychopharmacology · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Residual effects of zopiclone on driving performance using a standardized driving simulator among healthy volunteers.Psychopharmacology · 2022Trial
- Simulated driving performance in healthy adults after night-time administration of 20 mg tasimelteon.Journal of sleep research · 2022Trial
- A clinical trial on the acute effects of methadone and buprenorphine on actual driving and cognitive function of healthy volunteers.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2019Trial
- Next-day residual effects of flibanserin on simulated driving performance in premenopausal women.Human psychopharmacology · 2017Trial
- On-the-road driving performance the morning after bedtime use of suvorexant 15 and 30 mg in healthy elderly.Psychopharmacology · 2016Trial
- Trial
- The effects of acute treatment with ramelteon, triazolam, and placebo on driving performance, cognitive function, and equilibrium function in healthy volunteers.Psychopharmacology · 2015Trial
- A randomized, double-blind, single-dose, placebo-controlled, multicenter, polysomnographic study of gabapentin in transient insomnia induced by sleep phase advance.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2014Trial
- Trial
- Evaluating and Determining the Effects of Psychotropic Drugs on Motor Vehicle Driving Performance: Key Considerations of the Japanese Guideline and Criteria for Clinical Implementation of Evidence.Neuropsychopharmacology reports · 2026Review
- Nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics and police-reported motor vehicle crash risk among older adults: a sequential target trial emulation.American journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- A review of symptom, pathogenesis and treatment characteristics of the elderly with chronic insomnia.Medicine · 2025Review
- A scoping review of motor vehicle operator performance assessments for benzodiazepine receptor agonists.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
STUDY
objectivesTo evaluate the next-morning residual effects of ramelteon (8 mg), zopiclone (7.5 mg), and placebo on driving performance, memory functioning, psychomotor performance, and mood in healthy adult subjects following bedtime dosing and a middle of the night awakening.
designSingle-center, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled, crossover study.
settingUtrecht University, The Netherlands.
participants30 healthy volunteers (15 males and 15 females).
interventionsa single dose of ramelteon (8 mg), zopiclone (7.5 mg), and placebo, administered at bedtime. MEASUREMENTS: A balance test was performed at night. Other tests were performed the following morning, 8.5 h after administration. Subjects performed a 100-km highway driving test in normal traffic. Primary outcome measure was the standard deviation of the lateral position (SDLP), i.e., the weaving of the car. After driving, cognitive, memory, and psychomotor tests were performed and mood was assessed.
resultsSDLP was significantly increased after the intake of ramelteon (+2.2 cm) and zopiclone (+2.9 cm). Ramelteon and zopiclone produced significant impairment on reaction time (P<0.024) in the Sternberg Memory Scanning Test, slow (P<0.007) and fast (P<0.010) tracking, reaction speed (P<0.015) and tracking (P<0.001) in the Divided Attention Test, and delayed recall (P<0.032) in the Word Learning Test. In contrast to ramelteon, zopiclone additionally impaired performance on the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (P<0.001) and the balance test (P<0.001).
conclusionsRamelteon (8 mg) and zopiclone (7.5 mg) significantly impaired driving performance, cognitive, memory, and psychomotor performance the morning following bedtime administration. In contrast to zopiclone, ramelteon produced no balance impairments. CLINICAL TRIAL IDENTIFIER: NCT00319215 (www.clinicaltrials.gov).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.