ArticleThe Journal of biological chemistry2011
Members of the salivary gland surface protein (SGS) family are major immunogenic components of mosquito saliva.
Article in The Journal of biological chemistry, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Meta-analysis of the effects of insect vector saliva on host immune responses and infection of vector-transmitted pathogens: a focus on leishmaniasis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2014Pooled it
- Demystifying Plasmodium development within the Anopheles mosquito.Current opinion in microbiology · 2026Review
- The green lacewing venom system and the complex mechanisms underlying its evolution.Molecular biology and evolution · 2026Article
- Salivary gland microbiome ofFrontiers in insect science · 2026Review
- Beyond the bite: how mosquito salivary proteins modulate midgut biology and malaria parasite transmission.Current opinion in insect science · 2025Review
- Defining the genetics of the widely used G3 strain of the mosquito, Anopheles gambiae.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Unraveling the Molecular Mechanisms of Mosquito Salivary Proteins: New Frontiers in Disease Transmission and Control.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Climate Change and Vector-Borne Disease Transmission: The Role of Insect Behavioral and Physiological Adaptations.Integrative organismal biology (Oxford, England) · 2025Review
- Native structure of mosquito salivary protein uncovers domains relevant to pathogen transmission.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Identification of Aedes aegypti salivary gland proteins interacting with human immune receptor proteins.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
- A deeper insight into the sialome of male and female Ochlerotatus triseriatus mosquitoes.Insect biochemistry and molecular biology · 2022Article
- High resolution proteomics of Aedes aegypti salivary glands infected with either dengue, Zika or chikungunya viruses identify new virus specific and broad antiviral factors.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Diverse cellular morphologies during lumen maturation in Anopheles gambiae larval salivary glands.Insect molecular biology · 2021Article
- Aedes aegypti SGS1 is critical for Plasmodium gallinaceum infection of both the mosquito midgut and salivary glands.Malaria journal · 2021Article
- Genetic changes ofCurrent research in immunology · 2021Article
- Article
- Novel Immunoinformatics Approaches to Design Multi-epitope Subunit Vaccine for Malaria by Investigating Anopheles Salivary Protein.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Solute carriers affect Anopheles stephensi survival and Plasmodium berghei infection in the salivary glands.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Purification of Plasmodium Sporozoites Enhances Parasite-Specific CD8+ T Cell Responses.Infection and immunity · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Mosquitoes transmit Plasmodium and certain arboviruses during blood feeding, when they are injected along with saliva. Mosquito saliva interferes with the host's hemostasis and inflammation response and influences the transmission success of some pathogens. One family of mosquito salivary gland proteins, named SGS, is composed of large bacterial-type proteins that in Aedes aegypti were implicated as receptors for Plasmodium on the basal salivary gland surface. Here, we characterize the biology of two SGSs in the malaria mosquito, Anopheles gambiae, and demonstrate their involvement in blood feeding. Western blots and RT-PCR showed that Sgs4 and Sgs5 are produced exclusively in female salivary glands, that expression increases with age and after blood feeding, and that protein levels fluctuate in a circadian manner. Immunohistochemistry showed that SGSs are present in the acinar cells of the distal lateral lobes and in the salivary ducts of the proximal lobes. SDS-PAGE, Western blots, bite blots, and immunization via mosquito bites showed that SGSs are highly immunogenic and form major components of mosquito saliva. Last, Western and bioinformatic analyses suggest that SGSs are secreted via a non-classical pathway that involves cleavage into a 300-kDa soluble fragment and a smaller membrane-bound fragment. Combined, these data strongly suggest that SGSs play an important role in blood feeding. Together with their role in malaria transmission, we propose that SGSs could be used as markers of human exposure to mosquito bites and in the development of disease control strategies.
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