ArticleMolecular biology and evolution2012
Evolution of antigen variation in the tick-borne pathogen Anaplasma phagocytophilum.
Article in Molecular biology and evolution, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Generation of Population-Level Diversity inPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Tick-Borne Bacterial Diseases in Europe: Threats to public health.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2024Review
- Loss to gain: pseudogenes in microorganisms, focusing on eubacteria, and their biological significance.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2024Review
- Host-pathogen associations revealed by genotyping of European strains of Anaplasma phagocytophilum to describe natural endemic cycles.Parasites & vectors · 2023Article
- A road map for in vivo evolution experiments with blood-borne parasitic microbes.Molecular ecology resources · 2022Review
- Innate Immune Response to Tick-Borne Pathogens: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Induced in the Hosts.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Global Transcription Profiles ofFrontiers in veterinary science · 2020Article
- Molecular Detection and Phylogenetic Analysis of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Horses in Korea.The Korean journal of parasitology · 2018Article
- A bite so sweet: the glycobiology interface of tick-host-pathogen interactions.Parasites & vectors · 2018Review
- A lifelong study of a pack Rhodesian ridgeback dogs reveals subclinical and clinical tick-borne Anaplasma phagocytophilum infections with possible reinfection or persistence.Parasites & vectors · 2018Article
- Varying influences of selection and demography in host-adapted populations of the tick-transmitted bacterium, Anaplasma phagocytophilum.BMC evolutionary biology · 2015Article
- Vector biodiversity did not associate with tick-borne pathogen prevalence in small mammal communities in northern and central California.Ticks and tick-borne diseases · 2014Article
- Breaking in and grabbing a meal: Anaplasma phagocytophilum cellular invasion, nutrient acquisition, and promising tools for their study.Microbes and infection · 2013Review
- Anaplasma phagocytophilum--a widespread multi-host pathogen with highly adaptive strategies.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2013Review
- Antigen variability in Anaplasma phagocytophilum during chronic infection of a reservoir host.Microbiology (Reading, England) · 2012Article
- Anaplasma phagocytophilum: deceptively simple or simply deceptive?Future microbiology · 2012Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Anaplasma phagocytophilum is an obligately intracellular tick-transmitted bacterial pathogen of humans and other animals. During the course of infection, A. phagocytophilum utilizes gene conversion to shuffle ∼100 functional pseudogenes into a single expression cassette of the msp2(p44) gene, which codes for the major surface antigen and major surface protein 2 (MSP2). The role and extent of msp2(p44) recombination, particularly in hosts that only experience acute infections, is not clear. In the present study, we explored patterns of recombination and expression of the msp2(p44) gene of A. phagocytophilum in a serially infected mouse model. Even though the bacterium was passed rapidly among mice, minimizing the opportunities for the host to develop adaptive immunity, we detected the emergence of 34 unique msp2(p44) expression cassette variants. The expression of msp2(p44) pseudogenes did not follow a consistent pattern among different groups of mice, although some pseudogenes were expressed more frequently than others. In addition, among 263 expressed pseudogenes, 3 mosaic sequences each consisting of 2 different pseudogenes were identified. Population genetic analysis showed that genetic diversity and subpopulation differentiation tended to increase over time until stationarity was reached but that the variance that was observed in allele (expressed pseudogene) frequency could occur by drift alone only if a high variance in bacterial reproduction could be assumed. These findings suggest that evolutionary forces influencing antigen variation in A. phagocytophilum may comprise random genetic drift as well as some innate but apparently nonpurifying selection prior to the strong frequency-dependent selection that occurs cyclically after hosts develop strong adaptive immunity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.