Trial reportEuropean journal of endocrinology2011
Interaction between heavy smoking and CYP2A6 genotypes on type 2 diabetes and its possible pathways.
Trial report in European journal of endocrinology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of serum leptin and ghrelin levels with smoking status on body weight: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- Article
- Global Mortality and Disability-Adjusted Life Years Attributable to Tobacco Exposure Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes, 1990-2021: A Systematic Analysis of GBD 2021 Data With Projections to 2042.Journal of diabetes research · 2026Article
- Clinical research progress on β-cell dysfunction in T2DM development in the Chinese population.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2025Review
- Article
- Study on Potential Differentially Expressed Genes in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis by Bioinformatics and Next-Generation Sequencing Data Analysis.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Transferability of Ancestry-Specific and Cross-Ancestry CYP2A6 Activity Genetic Risk Scores in African and European Populations.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2021Article
- Evaluation of a weighted genetic risk score for the prediction of biomarkers of CYP2A6 activity.Addiction biology · 2020Article
- Article
- Preparing the Way: Exploiting Genomic Medicine to Stop Smoking.Trends in molecular medicine · 2018Review
- Obese Smokers as a Potential Subpopulation of Risk in Tobacco Reduction Policy.The Yale journal of biology and medicine · 2015Review
- CHRNA3 rs6495308 genotype as an effect modifier of the association between daily cigarette consumption and hypertension in Chinese male smokers.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2015Article
- Genetic polymorphisms in metabolizing enzymes modifying the association between smoking and inflammatory bowel diseases.Inflammatory bowel diseases · 2014Article
- Adolescence is a period of development characterized by short- and long-term vulnerability to the rewarding effects of nicotine and reduced sensitivity to the anorectic effects of this drug.Behavioural brain research · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo explore the interactions between smoking and CYP2A6 genotypes on type 2 diabetes (T2DM) as well as potential pathways for smoking in causing T2DM.
designCross-sectional study.
methodsA total of 1344 smokers with complete data from a community-based T2DM survey in Guangzhou and Zhuhai of China from July 2006 to June 2007 were interviewed with a structured questionnaire about socio-demographic status and daily cigarette consumption. Serum glucose, insulin, and cotinine were measured after an overnight fast. Subjects were genotyped for CYP2A6 and classified, according to genotype, into normal, intermediate, slow, or poor nicotine metabolizers based on prior knowledge of CYP2A6 allele associations with nicotine C-oxidation rate. Abdominal obesity was defined as a waist-to-hip ratio ≥0.90 for males or ≥0.85 for females. Type 2 diabetic patients (n=154) were diagnosed according to WHO 1999 criteria. Chi-square tests, multivariate logistic regression models, and a structural equation model were used in this study.
resultsMultivariate analysis indicated that, compared with light smoking, heavy smoking significantly increased the risk of T2DM (odds ratio (OR)=1.75, 95% CI=1.01-3.05). There were significant interactions between heavy smoking and slow CYP2A6 (OR=5.12, 95% CI=1.08-24.23) and poor CYP2A6 metabolizer genotypes (OR=8.54, 95% CI=1.28-57.02) on T2DM. Structural equation modeling indicated that CYP2A6 moderation of smoking quantity risk on T2DM was mediated by the effects on serum cotinine, abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, and insulin secretion.
conclusionsHeavy smoking was significantly associated with T2DM, and this association was moderated by CYP2A6 genotype and mediated by serum cotinine, abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, and insulin secretion.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.