ArticleAIDS research and human retroviruses2012
Increased levels of circulating cytokines with HIV-related immunosuppression.
Article in AIDS research and human retroviruses, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pre-infection plasma cytokines and chemokines as predictors of HIV disease progression.Scientific reports · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Therapeutic Failure or Success Risk Associated With the Dynamic of Immunological Parameters in People Living With HIV-1 on Antiretroviral Treatment in Benin.AIDS research and treatment · 2026Article
- CD4Circulation · 2025Article
- Association between cytokine and increased risk of death in ART- naïve and ART-non-adherence patients hospitalized with advanced HIV disease.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Observational
- Predictive survival modelings for HIV-related cryptococcosis: comparing machine learning approaches.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- MDSC expansion during HIV infection: regulators, ART and immune reconstitution.Genes and immunity · 2024Review
- Isolated collagenoma in an HIV-positive patient on ART: a case report.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Multiplex Analysis of Cytokines and Chemokines in Persons Aging With or Without HIV.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2023Article
- The cytokine/chemokine response inHeliyon · 2023Review
- Functional Compartmentalization of Antibodies in the Central Nervous System During Chronic HIV Infection.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Plasma interleukin-7 correlation with human immunodeficiency virus RNA and CD4+ T cell counts, and interleukin-5 with circulating hepatitis B virus DNA may have implications in viral control.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- Article
- HIV-1 Nef Induces Hck/Lyn-Dependent Expansion of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Associated with Elevated Interleukin-17/G-CSF Levels.Journal of virology · 2021Article
- Article
- Racial differences in dermatologic conditions associated with HIV: A cross-sectional study of 4679 patients in an urban tertiary care center.Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · 2020Article
- Association between the cytokine storm, immune cell dynamics, and viral replicative capacity in hyperacute HIV infection.BMC medicine · 2020Article
- ART Regimen and Other Sociodemographics Do Not Affect Cytokine Expression in HIV Patients in Ghana.The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale · 2019Article
- Inhibition of p38 MAPK in combination with ART reduces SIV-induced immune activation and provides additional protection from immune system deterioration.PLoS pathogens · 2018Article
- Vagal dysfunction and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth: novel pathways to chronic inflammation in HIV.AIDS (London, England) · 2018Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cytokines may contribute to the severity of CD4 cell depletion with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, but quantitative relationships are not well defined. Serum and plasma from 181 HIV-infected individuals were tested with Millipore 30-plex Luminex cytokine assays. Within-individual correlations among cytokines were summarized by two-dimensional hierarchical cluster analysis. Associations with age, sex, race, CD4 count, and HIV viral load were determined with linear regression models. Tests for statistical significance were corrected for multiple comparisons, using a false discovery rate of 0.1. African-Americans had significantly higher levels than whites of six cytokines (IL-2, IL-5, IL-7, IL-15, fractalkine, and IFN-γ), and lower levels of MCP-1. Females had higher fractalkine levels than males. Age was not associated with levels of any cytokine. Six cytokines, including the T-helper (Th) type 1 cytokine IL-15, the Th2 cytokines IL-1ra and IL-10, the chemokines fractalkine and MCP-1, and the growth factor G-CSF were each inversely associated with CD4 count; no cytokine was directly associated with CD4 count. Fractalkine was directly associated with HIV viral load, adjusted for CD4 count. Cytokines clustered by primary function (e.g., Th1, Th2, proinflammatory, chemokines, or growth factors) whereas individuals clustered according to cytokine levels (generally high, intermediate, or low) had significantly different CD4 counts [medians (interquartile range) of 60 (17-162), 131 (62-321), and 155 (44-467), respectively; p<0.0001]. CD4 deficiency is associated with generalized increases in cytokines of various functions. Racial differences in cytokine response to HIV infection could contribute to disparities in disease progression.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.