ReviewJournal of biomedicine & biotechnology2011
The PD-1/PD-L1 (B7-H1) pathway in chronic infection-induced cytotoxic T lymphocyte exhaustion.
Review in Journal of biomedicine & biotechnology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 82 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
82 citing papers in PubMed, 139 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Association Between Imaging Findings of Airway Obstruction Adjacent to Lung Tumors and the Onset of Interstitial Lung Disease After Nivolumab.In vivo (Athens, Greece)Trial
- CAR T cell therapy beyond cancer: current status, challenges and future prospects.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Review
- Investigating the activation of the immune response by outer membrane vesicles from Bacteroides fragilis using a human gastrointestinal cell system.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2025Article
- Antineoplastic agents-associated hepatitis B virus reactivation: Research progress and molecular mechanisms.Virus research · 2025Review
- IL-32-producing CD8+ memory T cells define immunoregulatory niches in human cutaneous leishmaniasis.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
- Drug Treatment Direction Based on the Molecular Mechanism of Breast Cancer Brain Metastasis.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Immune regulation and the tumor microenvironment in anti-PD-1/PDL-1 and anti-CTLA-4 therapies for cancer immune evasion: A bibliometric analysis.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Review
- Circulating CD8 + LGALS9 + T Cell Population Exhibiting Low Cytotoxic Characteristics are Decreased in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Immunologic research · 2024Article
- Research progress and challenges of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in gliomas.Cell & bioscience · 2024Review
- Review
- Regulation of PD-L1 Expression by YY1 in Cancer: Therapeutic Efficacy of Targeting YY1.Cancers · 2024Review
- Tipping the balance in autoimmunity: are regulatory t cells the cause, the cure, or both?Molecular and cellular pediatrics · 2024Review
- MicroRNAs as regulators of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy: targeting PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 pathways.Cancer cell international · 2024Review
- Targeted Combination of Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Lacking Evidence of Benefit: Focus in Ovarian Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Association of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) gene polymorphism (rs10204525) with COVID-19 severity and mortality: A case-control study in the Iranian population.International immunopharmacology · 2023Article
- Review
- Pharmacological Treatments Available for Immune-Checkpoint-Inhibitor-Induced Colitis.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Improvement of the anticancer efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade via combination therapy and PD-L1 regulation.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2022Review
22 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cytotoxic CD8 T lymphocytes (CTLs) play a pivotal role in the control of infection. Activated CTLs, however, often lose effector function during chronic infection. PD-1 receptor and its ligand PD-L1 of the B7/CD28 family function as a T cell coinhibitory pathway and are emerging as major regulators converting effector CTLs into exhausted CTLs during chronic infection with human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and other pathogens capable of establishing chronic infections. Importantly, blockade of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway is able to restore functional capabilities to exhausted CTLs and early clinical trials have shown promise. Further research will reveal how chronic infection induces upregulation of PD-1 on CTLs and PD-L1 on antigen-presenting cells and other tissue cells and how the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction promotes CTLs exhaustion, which is crucial for developing effective prophylactic and therapeutic vaccination against chronic infections.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.