ArticleScience (New York, N.Y.)2011
Late interleukin-6 escalates T follicular helper cell responses and controls a chronic viral infection.
Article in Science (New York, N.Y.), 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 223 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
223 citing papers in PubMed, 324 citations in OpenAlex.
- Circulating and intrahepatic antiviral B cells are defective in hepatitis B.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2018Trial
- Refining therapeutic targeting of interleukin-6 by signalling mode selectivity.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2026Review
- Spatial transcriptomic mapping of early immune responses to an adjuvanted recombinant hemagglutinin vaccine.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- The impact of NF-κB2 mutations on Tfh cell differentiation and their critical role in immune function.Translational pediatrics · 2025Article
- Human tonsil organoids reveal innate pathways modulating humoral and cellular responses to ChAdOx1.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- FXR inhibition functions as a checkpoint blockade of the pathogenic Tfh cell response in lupus.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2025Article
- Osteopontin in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases: Mechanisms, Biomarker Potential, and Therapeutic Strategies.Biology · 2025Review
- Analysis of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Prognosis and Risk Factors in Patients with Primary Membranous Nephropathy.Kidney360 · 2025Article
- TRAF3 is critical for initial T follicular helper cell specification via coordination of the IL-6R/IL-2R-BCL6 signaling nexus.Science immunology · 2025Article
- Themis differentially regulates T follicular helper cell differentiation during early and late stages of chronic viral infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Distinct Requirements for CD4European journal of immunology · 2025Article
- Article
- Cutting Edge: Low-dose Recombinant IL-2 Treatment Prevents Autoantibody Responses in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus via Regulatory T Cell-independent Depletion of T Follicular Helper Cells.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2024Article
- Tertiary lymphoid structures in diseases: immune mechanisms and therapeutic advances.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Review
- Expression patterns of immune checkpoint proteins andHealth science reports · 2024Article
- Safety of High-Dose Vitamin C in Non-Intensive Care Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: An Open-Label Clinical Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Type I interferons induce an epigenetically distinct memory B cell subset in chronic viral infection.Immunity · 2024Article
- IL-6-mediated endothelial injury impairs antiviral humoral immunity after bone marrow transplantation.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2024Article
- miR-15/16 clusters restrict effector Treg cell differentiation and function.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2023Article
- The Role of CD4 T Cell Help in CD8 T Cell Differentiation and Function During Chronic Infection and Cancer.Immune network · 2023Review
163 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Multiple inhibitory molecules create a profoundly immunuosuppressive environment during chronic viral infections in humans and mice. Therefore, eliciting effective immunity in this context represents a challenge. Here, we report that during a murine chronic viral infection, interleukin-6 (IL-6) was produced by irradiation-resistant cells in a biphasic manner, with late IL-6 being absolutely essential for viral control. The underlying mechanism involved IL-6 signaling on virus-specific CD4 T cells that caused up-regulation of the transcription factor Bcl6 and enhanced T follicular helper cell responses at late, but not early, stages of chronic viral infection. This resulted in escalation of germinal center reactions and improved antibody responses. Our results uncover an antiviral strategy that helps to safely resolve a persistent infection in vivo.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.