ArticleArthritis research & therapy2011
Increase in IL-21 producing T-cells in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
Article in Arthritis research & therapy, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 129 citations in OpenAlex.
- Oestrogen up-regulates interleukin-21 production by CD4(+) T lymphocytes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.Immunology · 2014Trial
- Temporal molecular remodeling of T cells informs their possible adaptation in 4T1 tumors.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2026Article
- Immunological cross-talk between periodontitis and systemic lupus erythematosus: the role of T-B cell dysregulation in the shared pathogenic network.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Aberrant STAT3 activation and overproduction of IL-21 in systemic lupus erythematosus: role of miR-155 and miR-21 in target genesFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Tfh Cells in Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (IgA Vasculitis): Current Concept.Journal of immunology research · 2026Review
- Molecular Plasticity of T Cells Informs Their Possible Adaptation in 4T1 Tumors.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Chronic IL-21 drives neuroinflammation and promotes lipid accumulation in microglia.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2025Article
- The path less traveled: the non-canonical NF-κB pathway in systemic lupus erythematosus.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Exploring the Role of PD-1 in the Autoimmune Response: Insights into Its Implication in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- T-cell help in the germinal center: homing in on the role of IL-21.International immunology · 2024Article
- IL-17 and IL-21: Their Immunobiology and Therapeutic Potentials.Immune network · 2024Review
- Circulatory microRNAs and proinflammatory cytokines as predictors of lupus nephritis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- A new generation of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells differentially trained by immunoregulatory probiotics in a lupus microenvironment.Stem cell research & therapy · 2023Article
- IL-21 shapes germinal center polarization via light zone B cell selection and cyclin D3 upregulation.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2023Article
- Glucose oxidation-dependent survival of activated B cells provides a putative novel therapeutic target for lupus treatment.iScience · 2023Article
- Functions of double-negative B cells in autoimmune diseases, infections, and cancers.EMBO molecular medicine · 2023Review
- Suppression of NK Cell Activation by JAK3 Inhibition: Implication in the Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases.Journal of immunology research · 2023Article
- IL-21 has a critical role in establishing germinal centers by amplifying early B cell proliferation.EMBO reports · 2022Article
- Interleukins 4 and 21 Protect Anti-IgM Induced Cell Death in Ramos B Cells: Implication for Autoimmune Diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Interleukin-21 in Viral Infections.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease accompanied by a disturbed T-cell balance skewed towards effector T-cells, in particular Th17-cells. The novel cytokine interleukin-21 (IL-21) is suggested to be crucial for triggering T-cell responses towards IL-17 producing cells. Thus, we aimed to investigate the ability of T-cells to produce IL-21 and IL-17 in SLE patients.
methodsPeripheral blood of 34 SLE patients and 18 healthy controls (HC) was stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and calcium ionophore (Ca-Io). Percentages of IL-21- and IL-17A expressing T-cells were analysed by flow cytometry. The expression levels of the transcription factors B-cell lymphoma-6 (BCL-6) and factors retinoid-related orphan receptor (ROR-γt) were assessed in T-cells by real-time RT-PCR and flow cytometry. Additionally, IL-21 receptor (IL-21R) expression on B- and T-cells of patients and HC was analyzed.
resultsSignificantly increased percentages of IL-21 expressing CD4+ T-cells and CD8+ T-cells were found in SLE patients as compared to HC. The percentages of IL-21+ CD4+ T-cells and CD8+ T-cells correlated significantly with the percentages of IL-17A+ CD4+ T-cells and CD8+ T-cells, respectively. The relative expression of BCL-6 and ROR-γt did not differ between SLE patients and HC. IL-21R expression occurred mainly on B-cells and was not different comparing SLE patients and HC.
conclusionsThis study demonstrates an increased proportion of IL-21+ T-cells in SLE patients correlating with the proportion of IL-17+ T-cells. This suggests a pivotal role of IL-21 in the pathogenesis of SLE.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.