ArticleBiochimica et biophysica acta2012
Functional characterization of the human translocator protein (18kDa) gene promoter in human breast cancer cell lines.
Article in Biochimica et biophysica acta, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Translocator Protein 18 kDa (TSPO): A Promising Molecular Target for Image-Guided Surgery of Solid Cancers.Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin · 2024Review
- Translocator protein (18kDA) (TSPO) marks mesenchymal glioblastoma cell populations characterized by elevated numbers of tumor-associated macrophages.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2023Article
- Contribution of TSPO imaging in the understanding of the state of gliosis in substance use disorders.European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2021Review
- Cellular sources of TSPO expression in healthy and diseased brain.European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2021Review
- Molecular Characterization and Functional Analysis of Two Steroidogenic Genes TSPO and SMAD4 in Yellow Catfish.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Review
- Microglial Pro-Inflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Phenotypes Are Modulated by Translocator Protein Activation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Article
- Lipopolysaccharide induces mouse translocator protein (18 kDa) expression via the AP-1 complex in the microglial cell line, BV-2.PloS one · 2019Article
- Microglia in Retinal Degeneration.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- Structure and Functional Analysis of Promoters from Two Liver Isoforms of CPT I in Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idella.International journal of molecular sciences · 2017Article
- Adrenal Oncocytic Neoplasm with Paradoxical Loss of Important Mitochondrial Steroidogenic Protein: The 18 kDA Translocator Protein.Case reports in endocrinology · 2017Article
- Regulation of Translocator Protein 18 kDa (TSPO) Expression in Rat and Human Male Germ Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2016Article
- The 18 kDa translocator protein, microglia and neuroinflammation.Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland) · 2014Review
- The role of astrocytes in CNS tumors: pre-clinical models and novel imaging approaches.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2013Article
- The expression of translocator protein in human thyroid cancer and its role in the response of thyroid cancer cells to oxidative stress.The Journal of endocrinology · 2012Article
- TSPO expression in brain tumours: is TSPO a target for brain tumour imaging?Clinical and translational imagingReview
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The translocator protein (18kDa; TSPO) is a mitochondrial drug- and cholesterol-binding protein that has been implicated in several processes, including steroidogenesis, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. Expression of the human TSPO gene is elevated in several cancers. To understand the molecular mechanisms that regulate TSPO expression in human breast cancer cells, the TSPO promoter was identified, cloned, and functionally characterized in poor-in-TSPO hormone-dependent, non-aggressive MCF-7 cells and rich-in-TSPO hormone-independent, aggressive, and metastatic MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. RNA ligase-mediated 5'-rapid amplification of cDNA ends analysis indicated transcription initiated at multiple sites downstream of a GC-rich promoter that lacks functional TATA and CCAAT boxes. Deletion analysis indicated that the region from -121 to +66, which contains five putative regulatory sites known as GC boxes, was sufficient to induce reporter activity up to 24-fold in MCF-7 and nearly 120-fold in MDA-MB-231 cells. Electrophoretic mobility shift and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays indicated that Sp1, Sp3 and Sp4 bind to these GC boxes in vitro and to the endogenous TSPO promoter. Silencing of Sp1, Sp3 and Sp4 gene expression reduced TSPO levels. In addition, TSPO expression was epigenetically regulated at one or more of the identified GC boxes. Disruption of the sequence downstream of the main start site of TSPO differentially regulated TSPO promoter activity in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, indicating that essential elements contribute to its differential expression in these cells. Taken together, these experiments constitute the first in-depth functional analysis of the human TSPO gene promoter and its transcriptional regulation.
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Registered trials
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