Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21957152›Full record

ArticleGenome research2011

Late-replicating heterochromatin is characterized by decreased cytosine methylation in the human genome.

Masako Suzuki, Mayumi Oda, María-Paz Ramos, Marién Pascual, Kevin Lau, Edyta Stasiek, Frederick Agyiri, Reid F Thompson, Jacob L Glass, Qiang Jing and 6 more

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Genome research, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
26citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. The topography of nullomer-emerging mutations and their relevance to human disease.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2025
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  12. The Protective Role of Dormant Origins in Response to Replicative Stress.International journal of molecular sciences · 2018
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Masako SuzukiDepartment of Genetics (Computational Genetics), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA.
Mayumi Oda
María-Paz Ramos
Marién Pascual
Kevin Lau
Edyta Stasiek
Frederick Agyiri
Reid F Thompson
Jacob L Glass
Qiang Jing
Richard Sandstrom
Melissa J Fazzari
R Scott Hansen
John A Stamatoyannopoulos
Andrew S McLellan
John M Greally
Albert Einstein College of Medicine · USUniversity of Washington · US

Funding

Restoring FMRP Phenotypes Frpm Temporal Regional and Splice- Isoforms VarationsP30HD002274 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI GURALNICK, MICHAEL J · 1985 to 2013
$33.6M
A Comprehensive catalog of human DNasel hypersensitive sitesU54HG004592 · NHGRI · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI STAMATOYANNOPOULOS, JOHN A · 2007 to 2011
$15.0M
Massively-parallel sequencing technology for the epigenomeR01HG004401 · NHGRI · ALBERT EINSTEIN COLLEGE OF MEDICINE · PI GREALLY, JOHN · 2007 to 2009
$1.5M
NHGRI NIH HHS R01 HG004401NHGRI NIH HHS R01HG004401NHGRI NIH HHS U54 HG004592NHGRI NIH HHS U54HG004592NICHD NIH HHS P30 HD002274NICHD NIH HHS P30HD02274
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Heterochromatin is believed to be associated with increased levels of cytosine methylation. With the recent availability of genome-wide, high-resolution molecular data reflecting chromatin organization and methylation, such relationships can be explored systematically. As well-defined surrogates for heterochromatin, we tested the relationship between DNA replication timing and DNase hypersensitivity with cytosine methylation in two human cell types, unexpectedly finding the later-replicating, more heterochromatic regions to be less methylated than early replicating regions. When we integrated gene-expression data into the study, we found that regions of increased gene expression were earlier replicating, as previously identified, and that transcription-targeted cytosine methylation in gene bodies contributes to the positive correlation with early replication. A self-organizing map (SOM) approach was able to identify genomic regions with early replication and increased methylation, but lacking annotated transcripts, loci missed in simple two variable analyses, possibly encoding unrecognized intergenic transcripts. We conclude that the relationship of cytosine methylation with heterochromatin is not simple and depends on whether the genomic context is tandemly repetitive sequences often found near centromeres, which are known to be heterochromatic and methylated, or the remaining majority of the genome, where cytosine methylation is targeted preferentially to the transcriptionally active, euchromatic compartment of the genome.

Indexed as

DNA MethylationDNA ReplicationGenome, HumanCell LineCytosineGene Expression ProfilingGene Expression RegulationHeterochromatinHumansTime FactorsTranscription, GeneticCytosineHeterochromatin

Identifiers

PMID21957152
PMCPMC3205568
OpenAlexW2118633305

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.