ArticleAnnals of the New York Academy of Sciences2011
The nonlinearity of passive extraocular muscles.
Article in Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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4 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Realistic 3D human saccades generated by a 6-DOF biomimetic robotic eye under optimal control.Frontiers in robotics and AI · 2024Article
- A Novel Technique Using Paretic Superior Rectus as a Globe Suspender for Monocular Elevation Deficiency.Cureus · 2023Article
- Modelling 3D saccade generation by feedforward optimal control.PLoS computational biology · 2021Article
- Dynamics of abducens nucleus neurons in the awake mouse.Journal of neurophysiology · 2012Article
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3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
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Abstract
Passive extraocular muscles (EOMs), like most biological tissues, are hyperelastic, that is, their stiffness increases as they are stretched. It has always been assumed, and in a few occasions argued, that this is their only nonlinearity and that it can be ignored in central gaze. However, using novel measurement techniques in anesthetized paralyzed monkeys, we have recently demonstrated that EOMs are characterized by another prominent nonlinearity: the forces induced by sequences of stretches do not sum. Thus, superposition, a central tenet of linear and quasi-linear models, does not hold in passive EOMs. Here, we outline the implications of this finding, especially in light of the common assumption that it is easier for the brain to control a linear than a nonlinear plant. We argue against this common belief: the specific nonlinearity of passive EOMs may actually make it easier for the brain to control the plant than if muscles were linear.
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