Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21950417›Full record

ArticlePhotochemistry and photobiology

Optimal photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy of infections should kill bacteria but spare neutrophils.

Masamitsu Tanaka, Manabu Kinoshita, Yasuo Yoshihara, Nariyoshi Shinomiya, Shuhji Seki, Koichi Nemoto, Takahiro Hirayama, Tianhong Dai, Liyi Huang, Michael R Hamblin and 1 more

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Photochemistry and photobiology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
24citing papers in PubMed
5.7field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

24 citing papers in PubMed, 77 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. On the Photo-Eradication of Methicillin-ResistantInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023
    Article
  2. Application of Reactive Oxygen Species in Dental Treatment.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022
    Review
  3. Article
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  18. Review
  19. Dye Sensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2013
    Review
  20. BODIPY dyes in photodynamic therapy.Chemical Society reviews · 2013
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Masamitsu TanakaDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan.
Manabu Kinoshita
Yasuo Yoshihara
Nariyoshi Shinomiya
Shuhji Seki
Koichi Nemoto
Takahiro Hirayama
Tianhong Dai
Liyi Huang
Michael R Hamblin
Yuji Morimoto
National Defense Medical College · JPHarvard University · USMassachusetts General Hospital · US

Funding

Photodynamic Therapy of Localized InfectionsR01AI050875 · NIAID · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI HAMBLIN, MICHAEL R · 2003 to 2017
$4.8M
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI050875NIAID NIH HHS R01AI050875
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) for localized microbial infections exerts its therapeutic effect both by direct bacterial killing and also by the bactericidal effects of host neutrophils stimulated by PDT. Therefore, PDT-induced damage to neutrophils must be minimized, while direct photoinactivation of bacteria is maintained to maximize the therapeutic efficacy of antimicrobial PDT in vivo. However, there has been no study in which the cytocidal effect of PDT on neutrophils was investigated. In this study, the cytocidal effects of PDT on neutrophils were evaluated using different antimicrobial photosensitizers to find suitable candidate photosensitizers for antimicrobial PDT. PDT on murine peripheral-blood neutrophils was performed in vitro using each photosensitizer at a concentration that exerted a maximum bactericidal effect on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and morphological alteration and viability of neutrophils were studied. Most neutrophils were viable (>80%) after PDT using toluidine blue-O (TB) or methylene blue (MB), while neutrophils showed morphological change and their viabilities were decreased (<70%) after PDT using other photosensitizers (erythrosine B, rose bengal, crystal violet, Photofrin, new methylene blue and Laserphyrin). These results suggest that PDT using TB or MB can preserve host neutrophils while exerting a significant therapeutic effect on in vivo localized microbial infection.

Indexed as

AnimalsBacterial InfectionsHumansMiceNeutrophilsPhotosensitizing AgentsPhotosensitizing Agents

Identifiers

PMID21950417
PMCPMC3253242
OpenAlexW2152747781

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.