ArticlePloS one2011
Impaired carbohydrate digestion and transport and mucosal dysbiosis in the intestines of children with autism and gastrointestinal disturbances.
Article in PloS one, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 248 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
248 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 488 citations in OpenAlex.
- Microbial dysbiosis as a diagnostic marker in psychiatric disorders: a systematic review of gut-brain axis disruptions.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Pooled it
- The oro- and nasopharyngeal microbiota as a revolutionary perspective on mental disorders and related psychopathology: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Influential articles in autism and gut microbiota: bibliometric profile and research trends.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of the benefits of a gluten-free diet and/or casein-free diet for children with autism spectrum disorder.Nutrition reviews · 2022Pooled it
- A Meta-analysis of Gut Microbiota in Children with Autism.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2022Pooled it
- Is there a dysbiosis in individuals with a neurodevelopmental disorder compared to controls over the course of development? A systematic review.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- Gut Microbiota in Psychiatric Disorders: A Systematic Review.Psychosomatic medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Altered composition and function of intestinal microbiota in autism spectrum disorders: a systematic review.Translational psychiatry · 2019Pooled it
- Association Between Gut Microbiota and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2019Pooled it
- Pilot study of probiotic/colostrum supplementation on gut function in children with autism and gastrointestinal symptoms.PloS one · 2019Trial
- Oral and Gut Microbiota in Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Pilot Case-Control Study.International journal of paediatric dentistry · 2026Article
- Review
- The Microbiota in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Autism and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Evidence from Genetic, Biochemical, and Neuroimaging Approaches.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Elimination of Autism Symptoms Using the Specific Carbohydrate Diet: Literature Review and Case Report.Integrative medicine (Encinitas, Calif.) · 2026Review
- Supplementation with abioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Interventions targeting the gut microbiota and their possible effect on gastrointestinal and neurobehavioral symptoms in autism spectrum disorder.Gut microbes · 2025Review
- The Pediatric Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: Implications for Neuropsychiatric Development and Intervention.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Digestive Neurobiology in Autism: From Enteric and Central Nervous System Interactions to Shared Genetic Pathways.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Microbiota Gut-Brain Axis and Autism Spectrum Disorder: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives.Nutrients · 2025Review
188 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Gastrointestinal disturbances are commonly reported in children with autism, complicate clinical management, and may contribute to behavioral impairment. Reports of deficiencies in disaccharidase enzymatic activity and of beneficial responses to probiotic and dietary therapies led us to survey gene expression and the mucoepithelial microbiota in intestinal biopsies from children with autism and gastrointestinal disease and children with gastrointestinal disease alone. Ileal transcripts encoding disaccharidases and hexose transporters were deficient in children with autism, indicating impairment of the primary pathway for carbohydrate digestion and transport in enterocytes. Deficient expression of these enzymes and transporters was associated with expression of the intestinal transcription factor, CDX2. Metagenomic analysis of intestinal bacteria revealed compositional dysbiosis manifest as decreases in Bacteroidetes, increases in the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes, and increases in Betaproteobacteria. Expression levels of disaccharidases and transporters were associated with the abundance of affected bacterial phylotypes. These results indicate a relationship between human intestinal gene expression and bacterial community structure and may provide insights into the pathophysiology of gastrointestinal disturbances in children with autism.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.