ArticlePloS one2011
A phase 1 trial of MSP2-C1, a blood-stage malaria vaccine containing 2 isoforms of MSP2 formulated with Montanide® ISA 720.
Article in PloS one, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 96 citations in OpenAlex.
- Declining Antibody Affinity Over Time After Human Vaccination With a Plasmodium falciparum Merozoite Vaccine Candidate.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Trial
- Trial
- An abundant merozoite surface protein ofeLife · 2026Article
- Targeting a malaria merozoite surface protein with mRNA vaccine generates multifunctional antibodies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Relationship between antibody avidity, Fc-mediated functional activity and longevity of malaria vaccine responses in clinical trials.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Article
- Article
- Article
- Development of high affinity antibodies toFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Allelic frequency ofMalariaWorld journal · 2025Article
- Plasmodium Falciparum and mosquito vector IgG patterns across suspected malaria cases in Ghana.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Heterogeneity of the human immune response to malaria infection and vaccination driven by latent cytomegalovirus infection.EBioMedicine · 2024Article
- How to Accelerate Early Stage of Malaria Vaccine Development by Optimizing Functional Assays.Vaccines · 2024Review
- The Need for Novel Asexual Blood-Stage Malaria Vaccine Candidates forBiomolecules · 2024Review
- Adults with Plasmodium falciparum malaria have higher magnitude and quality of circulating T-follicular helper cells compared to children.EBioMedicine · 2022Article
- A universal vaccine candidate against Plasmodium vivax malaria confers protective immunity against the three PvCSP alleles.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Guiding the Immune Response to a Conserved Epitope in MSP2, an Intrinsically Disordered Malaria Vaccine Candidate.Vaccines · 2021Article
- Molecular surveillance and temporal monitoring of malaria parasites in focal Vietnamese provinces.Malaria journal · 2020Article
- Th2-like T Follicular Helper Cells Promote Functional Antibody Production duringCell reports. Medicine · 2020Article
- Impact of a Rapid Decline in Malaria Transmission on Antimalarial IgG Subclasses and Avidity.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors at 7 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIn a previous Phase 1/2b malaria vaccine trial testing the 3D7 isoform of the malaria vaccine candidate Merozoite surface protein 2 (MSP2), parasite densities in children were reduced by 62%. However, breakthrough parasitemias were disproportionately of the alternate dimorphic form of MSP2, the FC27 genotype. We therefore undertook a dose-escalating, double-blinded, placebo-controlled Phase 1 trial in healthy, malaria-naïve adults of MSP2-C1, a vaccine containing recombinant forms of the two families of msp2 alleles, 3D7 and FC27 (EcMSP2-3D7 and EcMSP2-FC27), formulated in equal amounts with Montanide® ISA 720 as a water-in-oil emulsion. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL
findingsThe trial was designed to include three dose cohorts (10, 40, and 80 µg), each with twelve subjects receiving the vaccine and three control subjects receiving Montanide® ISA 720 adjuvant emulsion alone, in a schedule of three doses at 12-week intervals. Due to unexpected local reactogenicity and concern regarding vaccine stability, the trial was terminated after the second immunisation of the cohort receiving the 40 µg dose; no subjects received the 80 µg dose. Immunization induced significant IgG responses to both isoforms of MSP2 in the 10 µg and 40 µg dose cohorts, with antibody levels by ELISA higher in the 40 µg cohort. Vaccine-induced antibodies recognised native protein by Western blots of parasite protein extracts and by immunofluorescence microscopy. Although the induced anti-MSP2 antibodies did not directly inhibit parasite growth in vitro, IgG from the majority of individuals tested caused significant antibody-dependent cellular inhibition (ADCI) of parasite growth. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: As the majority of subjects vaccinated with MSP2-C1 developed an antibody responses to both forms of MSP2, and that these antibodies mediated ADCI provide further support for MSP2 as a malaria vaccine candidate. However, in view of the reactogenicity of this formulation, further clinical development of MSP2-C1 will require formulation of MSP2 in an alternative adjuvant.
trial registrationAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry 12607000552482.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.