ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2011
Protein delivery using engineered virus-like particles.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 105 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
105 citing papers in PubMed, 219 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Co-delivery of lentiviral vectors and Cas9-containing virus-like particles enables rapid, scalable manufacture of gene-edited CAR T cells.Molecular therapy. Advances · 2026Article
- Review
- Non-viral delivery of genome-editing tools for treatment of genetic disorders.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- RT-qPCR and split-luciferase assays enable batch standardization and analysis of engineered virus-like particle transduction.Molecular therapy. Advances · 2026Article
- Advances in Engineered Virus-Like Particles for Genome Editing and Therapy.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2026Review
- Scalable purification enables high-quality virus-like particles for therapeutic translation.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2025Article
- Muscle-specific gene editing therapy via mammalian fusogen-directed virus-like particles.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Site-specific genome engineering of primary human natural killer cells for programmable anti-tumor function.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Structure and organization of full-length epidermal growth factor receptor in extracellular vesicles by cryo-electron tomography.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Mechanistic Insights into the Tools for Intracellular Protein Delivery.Chem & bio engineering · 2025Review
- Article
- Discovery of Therapeutic Antibodies Targeting Complex Multi-Spanning Membrane Proteins.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2024Review
- Article
- Emerging trends in virus and virus-like particle gene therapy delivery to the brain.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2024Review
- Exploring the potential of cell-derived vesicles for transient delivery of gene editing payloads.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2024Review
- Tailored Viral-like Particles as Drivers of Medical Breakthroughs.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Investigating the Cytosolic Delivery of Proteins by Lipid Nanoparticles Using the Chloroalkane Penetration Assay.Biochemistry · 2024Article
- Intracellular Protein Delivery: Approaches, Challenges, and Clinical Applications.BME frontiers · 2024Review
- Review
45 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Over the years, researchers have developed several methods to deliver macromolecules into the cytosol and nucleus of living cells. However, there are limitations to all of these methods. The problems include (i) inefficient uptake, (ii) endosomal entrapment, (iii) delivery that is restricted to certain cell types, and (iv) damage to cells in the delivery process. Retroviral vectors are often used for gene delivery; however, integration of the genome of retroviral vector into the host genome can have serious consequences. Here we describe a safe alternative in which virus-like particles (VLPs), derived from an avian retrovirus, are used to deliver protein to cells. We show that these VLPs are a highly adaptable platform that can be used to deliver proteins either as part of Gag fusion proteins (intracellular delivery) or on the surface of VLPs. We generated VLPs that contain Gag-Cre recombinase, Gag-Fcy::Fur, and Gag-human caspase-8 as a proof-of-concept and demonstrated that the encapsidated proteins are active in recipient cells. In addition, we show that murine IFN-γ and human TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand can be displayed on the surface of VLPs, and that these modified VLPs can cause the appropriate response in cells, as evidenced by phosphorylation of STAT1 and induction of cell death, respectively.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.