ArticlePlant physiology2011
Tyrosine aminotransferase contributes to benzylisoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis in opium poppy.
Article in Plant physiology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 104 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evolutionary hijacking of fatty acid biosynthesis drives insecticidal acylsugar diversity in tomato.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Integrated Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis Reveals Differential Berberine Biosynthesis in Leaves and Stems ofCurrent issues in molecular biology · 2026Article
- Biosynthesis of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids and its evolution in plants.Plant communications · 2026Review
- Altitudinal changes induce responses inFrontiers in plant science · 2026Article
- Identification and functional verification of key genes involved in alkaloid biosynthesis inFrontiers in plant science · 2026Article
- An integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic atlas reveals the temporal regulation of benzylisoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis and transport in developing opium poppy capsules.Frontiers in plant science · 2026Article
- Multiomics analysis of cassava with different ploidy levels in response toTetranychus cinnabarinus.BMC plant biology · 2025Article
- Proteomics analysis of nitrogen stress on the influence of carbon and nitrogen metabolism of flue-cured tobacco.BMC genomics · 2025Article
- Morphinan Alkaloids and Their Transformations: A Historical Perspective of a Century of Opioid Research in Hungary.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Complete pathway elucidation of echinacoside in Cistanche tubulosa and de novo biosynthesis of phenylethanoid glycosides.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Bioinformatics deciphers the thebaine biosynthesis pathway in opium poppy: Hub genes, network analysis, and miRNA regulation.Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology · 2024Article
- Comparative Metabolic Defense Responses of Three Tree Species to the Supplemental Feeding Behavior ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- A genome assembly of decaploidHorticulture research · 2024Article
- Screening and Genomic Analysis of Alkaloid-Producing Endophytic FungusMicroorganisms · 2024Article
- Promising approaches for simultaneous enhancement of medicinally significant benzylisoquinoline alkaloids in opium poppy.Frontiers in plant science · 2024Review
- Expression Patterns and Functional Analysis of ThreeInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Opium alkaloids, biosynthesis, pharmacology and association with cancer occurrence.Open biology · 2023Review
- Transcriptome and metabolome profiling of the medicinal plantFrontiers in genetics · 2023Article
- Machine learning discovery of missing links that mediate alternative branches to plant alkaloids.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Tyrosine aminotransferase (TyrAT) catalyzes the transamination of L-Tyr and α-ketoglutarate, yielding 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid and L-glutamate. The decarboxylation product of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid, 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde, is a precursor to a large and diverse group of natural products known collectively as benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIAs). We have isolated and characterized a TyrAT cDNA from opium poppy (Papaver somniferum), which remains the only commercial source for several pharmaceutical BIAs, including codeine, morphine, and noscapine. TyrAT belongs to group I pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzymes wherein Schiff base formation occurs between PLP and a specific Lys residue. The amino acid sequence of TyrAT showed considerable homology to other putative plant TyrATs, although few of these have been functionally characterized. Purified, recombinant TyrAT displayed a molecular mass of approximately 46 kD and a substrate preference for L-Tyr and α-ketoglutarate, with apparent K(m) values of 1.82 and 0.35 mm, respectively. No specific requirement for PLP was detected in vitro. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry confirmed the conversion of L-Tyr to 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate. TyrAT gene transcripts were most abundant in roots and stems of mature opium poppy plants. Virus-induced gene silencing was used to evaluate the contribution of TyrAT to BIA metabolism in opium poppy. TyrAT transcript levels were reduced by at least 80% in silenced plants compared with controls and showed a moderate reduction in total alkaloid content. The modest correlation between transcript levels and BIA accumulation in opium poppy supports a role for TyrAT in the generation of alkaloid precursors, but it also suggests the occurrence of other sources for 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.