Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21949051›Full record

ArticleJournal of lipid research2011

Identification of cholesterol crystals in plaques of atherosclerotic mice using hyperspectral CARS imaging.

Ryan S Lim, Jeffrey L Suhalim, Shinobu Miyazaki-Anzai, Makoto Miyazaki, Moshe Levi, Eric O Potma, Bruce J Tromberg

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of lipid research, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
49citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
13.9field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

49 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 110 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Preventing Age-Related Nuclear Cataract Development - Is Cholesterol the Key?Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026
    Review
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  18. The physiology of foamy phagocytes in multiple sclerosis.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2018
    Review
  19. Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Ryan S LimDepartment of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA; Laser Microbeam and Medical Program (LAMMP), University of California, Irvine, CA.
Jeffrey L SuhalimLaser Microbeam and Medical Program (LAMMP), University of California, Irvine, CA; Beckman Laser Institute, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA; Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, CA and.
Shinobu Miyazaki-AnzaiDivision of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, CO.
Makoto MiyazakiDivision of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, CO.
Moshe LeviDivision of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, CO.
Eric O PotmaLaser Microbeam and Medical Program (LAMMP), University of California, Irvine, CA; Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, CA and; Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA; and.
Bruce J TrombergLaser Microbeam and Medical Program (LAMMP), University of California, Irvine, CA; Beckman Laser Institute, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA; Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, CA and. Electronic address: bjtrombe@uci.edu.
University of California, Irvine · USUniversity of Colorado Denver · US

Funding

Uncover Strategies Used By Biological SystemsP50GM076516 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI LANDER, ARTHUR D · 2007 to 2016
$25.1M
WOUND MIGRATION FORCE MONITORINGP41RR001192 · NCRR · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI LYUBOVITSKY, JULIA · 1985 to 2011
$14.2M
Regulation of Renal Phosphate Transport by LipidsR01DK066029 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI LEVI, MOSHE · 2005 to 2013
$3.2M
Mathematical, Computational and Systems BiologyT32EB009418 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI LANDER, ARTHUR D, NIE, QING · 2009 to 2019
$2.4M
Role of FXR in Renal Disease of Metabolic Syndrome and AgingR01AG026529 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI LEVI, MOSHE · 2007 to 2011
$1.8M
Novel Models of Diabetic NephropathyU01DK076134 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI LEVI, MOSHE · 2006 to 2010
$1.7M
NCRR NIH HHS P41 RR001192NCRR NIH HHS P41-RR-01192NIA NIH HHS R01 AG026529NIA NIH HHS R01-AG-026529NIBIB NIH HHS T32 EB009418NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK066029NIDDK NIH HHS R01-DK-066029NIDDK NIH HHS U01 DK076134NIDDK NIH HHS U01-DK-076134NIGMS NIH HHS P50 GM076516NIGMS NIH HHS P50-GM-076516
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The accumulation of lipids, including cholesterol, in the arterial wall plays a key role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Although several advances have been made in the detection and imaging of these lipid structures in plaque lesions, their morphology and composition have yet to be fully elucidated, particularly in different animal models of disease. To address this issue, we analyzed lipid morphology and composition in the atherosclerotic plaques of two animal models of disease, the low density lipoprotein receptor-deficient (LDLR(-/-)) mouse and the ApoE lipoprotein-deficient (ApoE(-/-)) mouse, utilizing hyperspectral coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy in combination with principal component analysis (PCA). Hyperspectral CARS imaging revealed lipid-rich macrophage cells and condensed needle-shaped and plate-shaped lipid crystal structures in both mice. Spectral analysis with PCA and comparison to spectra of pure cholesterol and cholesteryl ester derivatives further revealed these lipid structures to be pure cholesterol crystals, which were predominantly observed in the ApoE(-/-) mouse model. These results illustrate the ability of hyperspectral CARS imaging in combination with multivariate analysis to characterize atherosclerotic lipid morphology and composition with chemical specificity, and consequently, provide new insight into the formation of cholesterol crystal structures in atherosclerotic plaque lesions.

Indexed as

AnimalsCholesterolCholesterol EstersMacrophagesMiceMolecular ImagingPlaque, AtheroscleroticSpectrum Analysis, RamanTriglyceridesCholesterolCholesterol EstersTriglycerides

Identifiers

PMID21949051
PMCPMC3220286
OpenAlexW2128856936

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.