Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21949022›Full record

ArticleJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2011

Enhancement of antibody class-switch recombination by the cumulative activity of four separate elements.

Wesley A Dunnick, Jian Shi, Jennifer M Zerbato, Clinton A Fontaine, John T Collins

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
0.6field-weighted citation impact, top 32% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Allelic frequencies of the hs1.2 enhancer within the immunoglobulin heavy chain region in Dayton, Ohio patients screened for celiac disease with duodenal biopsy.Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver · 2017
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Class-Switch Recombination in the Absence of the IgH 3' Regulatory Region.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2016
    Article
  8. Sequential activation and distinct functions for distal and proximal modules within the IgH 3' regulatory region.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2016
    Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Wesley A DunnickDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. wesadunn@umich.edu
Jian Shi
Jennifer M Zerbato
Clinton A Fontaine
John T Collins
University of Michigan–Ann Arbor · US

Funding

XenograftP30CA046592 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI THEODORE S LAWRENCE · 1988 to 2026
$178.2M
DNA sequences involved in the heavy chain switchR01AI076057 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI DUNNICK, WESLEY A. · 2007 to 2011
$1.9M
NCI NIH HHS P30 CA046592NIAID NIH HHS AI076057NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI076057
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Class-switch recombination of Ab isotype is mediated by a recombinational DNA deletion event and must be robustly upregulated during Ag-driven differentiation of B cells. The enhancer region 3' of the Cα gene is important for the upregulation of switch recombination. Using a transgene of the entire H chain C region locus, we demonstrate in this study that it is the four 3' enhancer elements themselves (a total of 4.7 kb) that are responsible for the upregulation rather than the 24 kb of DNA in between them. Neither allelic exclusion nor transgenic μ expression is reduced by deletion of the four 3' enhancers. We also test deletions of two or three of the 3' enhancers and show that deletion of more 3' enhancers results in a progressive reduction in both switch recombination and germline transcription of all H chain genes. Nevertheless, we find evidence for special roles for some 3' enhancers; different H chain genes are affected by different 3' enhancer deletions. Thus, we find that the dramatic induction of class-switch recombination during Ag-driven differentiation is the result of an interaction among four separated regulatory elements.

Indexed as

AnimalsB-Lymphocyte SubsetsCells, CulturedEnhancer Elements, GeneticExonsFemaleImmunoglobulin Class SwitchingImmunoglobulin GImmunoglobulin Heavy ChainsMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMice, TransgenicRecombination, GeneticSequence DeletionTranscription FactorsUp-RegulationImmunoglobulin GImmunoglobulin Heavy ChainsTranscription Factors

Identifiers

PMID21949022
PMCPMC3197901
OpenAlexW2111813333

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.